Question Book 



BY 



MAMIE C. TEX 

ON 



Seventh Year Physiology 
Seventh Year History 
Seventh Year Grammar 
Seventh Year Geography 
Seventh Year Agriculture 



This Question Book is espe- 
cially designed for the topics 
called for in the Illinois State 
Course of Study. 

Answers to these questions can 
be found by using the books pre- 
pared by Mamie C. Tex. 

The work can be made much 
easier by having each pupil own 
one of these question books. 

Price 45 Cents 

Send all orders to 

MAMIE C. TEX, TaylorviUe, Illinois 



Copyright, 1918, by Mamie C. Tex. 



. BY 

IE C. TEX 

. ON 



Seventh Year Physiology 
Seventh Year History 
Seventh Year Grammar 
Seventh Year Geography 
Seventh Year Agriculture 



This Question Book is espe- 
cially designed for the topics 
called for in the Illinois State 
Course of Study. 

Answers to these questions can 
be found by using the books pre- 
pared by Mamie C. Tex. 

The work can be made much 
easier by having eacli pupil own 
one of these question books. 



41 



Send all orders to 

MAMIE C. TEX, Taylorville, Illinois 




\ 



©CI.A507375 

NOV II !9I8;:/ 



PHYSIOLOGY. 



QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH GRADEr— 
FIRST MONTH. 

1. Define nutrition. 

2. ^NFame the six processes included in the term "nutrition/^ 

3. Which are the upbuilding processes and which are the 
destructive processes ? 

4. Define food^ and tell why this word ''food" in its strictest 
application does not apply to everything eaten. 

-5. A¥hat is meant % waste and what finally becomes of it? 

6. What are the two functions of food, and what can be 
said about food and heat, food and repair? 

7. Name the four distinct classes of food. 

8. Of what use to the body are the proteids? 

9. From what two sources are the proteid feeds obtained, 
and give some examples of food which contain protein. 

10. Tell how our proteid food besides building up and repair- 
ing the tissues of the body can also be energy producing. 

11. Why are the carbohydrates so called? 

12. Give some examples of the carbohydrates and which 
must we have more of -^-carbohydrate or proteids? 

13. What are the two chief uses of the carbohydrate food, 
and what is the result if we eat carbohydrate food with the pro- 
teid food? 

14. Name several sources of sugar, and what is the value of 
sugar to the body. 

15.. Name the four different kinds of sugar and tell where 
each is found. 

16. How is starch in green fruits changed to sugar? 

17. From what two chief sources does our starch come? 

18. From where do we obtain the fats and oils? Give 
examples. 

19. How are the fats and oils useful to the body? 

20. Name the mineral foods. 

21. What can be said about the amount of water in our 
foods ? 

- 23. Why is water so useful to the body? 
23. In what ways does water enter the body? 



4 PHYSIOLOGY. 

;^4. llow are salts aud luot^t miiicral I'ood.s taken into the 
body and why are they valuable? 

25. Why do children sometimes eat plaster, chalk or wood, 
aud what would be the result if they could obtain very little 
mineral food? 

2G, Where can we find common salt in the body, and tell 
about the craving for salt sometimes in animals and people. 

27. How are salts of iron obtained and why is iron valuable 
to the body? 

28. Tell about other minor salts found in the body. 

29. Give the sources of proteids and how can we test to 
show protein? 

30. Give the sources of carbohydrates and how can we test 
to show it? 

31. Give the sources of fats and oils and how can we test 
for them? 

32. Give the sources of the mineral foods and tell about 
the test for it. 

33. Tell how the different foods serve the body. 

34. What do we mean by the term "meats"? 

35. AVhat can be said about the food value of meat, and 
how many times a day is it necessary? 

36. Name some diseases brought on by eating too much 
meat. 

37. If then, we are not to get our supply of protein from 
meat, how else may it be obtained? 

38. Compare the protein found in moat with the protein 
found in the vegetables. 

39. Give the composition of lean beef; of dried beef. 

40. What can be said about water found in beef? 

41. What cU'ect does watci' in meat have upon the food 
value? 

42. Give the value of fat iji meat. 

43. What can be said about the mineral matters in meats? 

44. Why are milk and eggs good food? 

45. Give a hint about the cooking of eggs and milk. 

46. Give the composition of milk and eggs. 

47. What can be said about milk as a "perfect food" ? 

48. How long is milk good for small children? 

49. How should we take care of our milk and why? 

50. Wliat is the most important constituent of milk? 

51. Tel] about the manufactuic of milk sugar, and of what 
use is it? 



I-HVSIOLOGV. 5 

53. Give the composition of eggs. 

53. What causes decomposed eggs to have their offensive 
odor ? 

■ 54. Why are vegetables good food ? 

55. Name the carbohydrate elements in vegetables. 

56. What about minerals in vegetables? 

57. Name the chief legumes used in the U. S. as food, and 
why are they so important? 

58. W'hy is the protein found in vegetables not so valuable 
as the protein found in the best cuts of meat? 

59. W^hat class of food predominates in all cereals? . 

60. Name several of our cereal foods, and tell why Graham 
flour is more valuable than white flour. 

61. W^hat are the differences which separate the cereals, and 
what cereal furnishes the best balanced proportion of all grains? 

62. Why are cereals valuable to young and old people? 

63. What is the value of fruits to our diet ? 

64. What can be said about beverage and their value? 

65. How are tea, coffee, and cocoa made, and what about 
the food value and effect of these beverages? 

66. Name the amusement drinks and tell how wine, whisky, 
brandy and rum are made. 

67. How should alcohol be classed and why? 

68. What are the effects of alcohol on the body? 

69. What about tea and coffee substitutes? 

70. What three things are important in helping us in- 
stinctively to choose foods best suited to our individual needs? 

71. Tell about the foods necessary in cold and hot climates 
and why these foods? 

72. What does water have to do with our food? 

73. What does the season and occupation have to do with, 
our food? 

74. Why should the housewife have a definite knowledge of 
food values? 

15. Give the menu for a man weighing 150 pounds: menu 
for a woman; menu for a child. 

76. What about an active life and food? 

77. Explain why we must have indigestible matter in food, 
and name some foods which have no real food value, yet are 
classed as foods. 

78. Tell aboiit the experiments that have been conducted 
along the line of "food for roughage." 



6 PHYSIOLOGY. 

79. What is digestion and give the two purposes of diges- 
tion? 

80. Explain how bread and meat are made ready for the 
blood and used for bodily nutrition. 

81. Name the organs of digestion. 

83. Tell how the food is changed in the mouth and give 
the importance of good teeth. 

83. Describe the esophagus and what is the cardiac aper- 
ture ? 

84. Give a full description of the two coats of the stomach, 
and tell how the food leaves the stomach and where it then goes. 

85. Give a clear description of the large and small intes- 
tines, also speak of their structure. 

86. Name the parts of the alimentary canal, describe its 
structure, and tell how the food moves in this canal. 

87. We know how the mechanical part of digestion is car- 
ried on, now tell how the chemical part of digestion is brought 
about. 

88. Where are the salivary glands and what about their 
secretion ? 

89. Describe the saliva, and how much is secreted per day? 

90. What is the use of ptyalin? 

91. Where is the gastric juice and describe the gastric 
glands ? 

92. Give the composition of the gastric juice and upon what 
class of food does it act. 

98. What action upon the fats and carbohydrates does the 
gastric juice have? 

94. Where does the food receive the bile and pancreatic 
juice? 

95. Give a description of the pancreas and tell about its 
connection with digestion. 

96. What organ secretes the bile and describe this organ? 

97. Give the three duties of the liver. 

98. Give a good description of the bile and its two fold 
value. 

99. Tell about the intestinal juices. 

100. Give a short account of the processes of digestion in 
the mouth, stomach, aiid intestines. 

101. Tell aboTit absorption in the mouth and stomach, and 
explain what is meant by absorption. 

102. In what two ways is absorption performed? 

103. Tell how the blood vessels absorb the food. 



PHYSIOLOGY. 7 

104. Give a description of the lacteal s and tell how they 
absorb the food. 

105. What is the lymph? 

106. What is meant by assimilation, and where does assimila- 
tion take place, and when is the most favorable time for assimi- 
lation ? 

Note. — After the physiology has been gone over by the ques- 
tion method, review it by having the pupils recite by topics. 

QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SECOND MONTH 

1. What must the dietician take into consideration whcji 
planning a menu? 

2. Tell how people of different countries enjoy different 
foods. 

3. What will cause a difference in taste? 

4. Under normal conditions, how much food and water 
will the average adult require? 

5. What food elements and how much required for the 
upkeep of the human body? 

6. How much oxygen is needed to oxidize the necessary 
food elements? 

7. What about our need for variety in our food and how 
is this need shown? 

8. What are the evil results of under nourishment? 

9. What is the trouble with, the majority of the people in 
regard to their diet? 

10. Give an example of a meal which will furnish all the 
necessary food elements. 

11. When does the housewife have a difficult problem? 

12. Why does a growing child require more food than an 
adult? 

13. Compare the oxygen required for a child two and half 
years old with an adult. 

14. Tell how people in different climates require different 

food. 

■ 15. What can be said, about adulterated foods and Avhat is 
the object of adulteration? 

16. What might be the two results of adulteration and give 
an example of each? 

17. What are the three chief methods of adulteration? 



8 PHYSIOLOGY. 

18. A'ame some commouly used adulterants known as chem- 
ical preservatives, and tell for what each is used. 

19. Name some commonly used adulterants for coloring pur- 
poses and give some examples. 

20. What was the leading "mixing adulterant"? 

21. Name a substitute for sugar, for starch. 

- 22. How are coffee, fiour, and candies adulterated ? 

23. Why is food sanitation needed? 

21. (jrive an example of how uncooked oysters might be 
dangerous. 

25. How might fruits and vegetables be a source of disease? 

2G. What relation exists between distance and our food, and 
what are some of the precautions the average housewife must 
keep in mind? 

27. What can be said about impure water and what are 
some of the sources of impure water? 

28. How can waters whose purity cannot be guaranteed be 
rendered harmless? 

29. What about chemical purification? 

30. In what two ways can milk become full of disease pro- 
ducing bacteria? 

31. What diseases can be transmitted through milk? 

32. What three things are necessary in order to have pure 
milk? 

33. What may be said about harmful and harmless bacteria? 

34. Explain ''certified milk," and compare market milk with 
certified milk. 

35. Explain pasturization of milk and what is the result? 

36. What two serious sources of danger from the use of ice? 

37. Compare natural and artificial ice with regard to purity. 

38. Give a good hint on the use of ice. 

39. When is ice absolutely pure? 

40. Why is it necessary to screen from flies? 

41. Why should food be kept at a low temperature? 

42. What about storing food in cellars, and the care of 
refrigerators ? 

43. Why should food be cooked, and give three good methods 
of cooking. 

44. Why is broiling a good method of cooking meats? 

45. Give a hint about roasting meat. 

46. What about boiling meat for food and boiling it for 
soup? 



PHYSIOLOGY. 9 

47. Why is frying a poor method of cooking and if we must 
fry give some valuable suggestions. 

48. Sum up the reasons for cooking. 

49. Grive a proof to show that cooking sterilizes the food. 

50. Give three good hints on the proper serving of food. 

51. What is one of the main causes of too rapid and over 
eating and what is the evil result of this? 

53. How can we over come the evil habit of too rapid eating ? 

53. In what condition is the human system sometimes found 
by physicians and how is it remedied? 

54. How many meals a day necessary and when is the proper 
time for the largest meal? 

55. What absurd custom has America copied from Europe? 

56. When is digestion most perfect and why should we form 
regular habits in regard to eating? 

57. What about eating between meals and the eating of candy 
and sweets? 

58. What is the best drink to accompany our meals? 

59. What can be said about eating until one feels dull and 
full? 

60. What effect does our mental condition have upon our 
appetite and digestion? 

61. What can be said about the Eomans in this respect? 

62. How is digestion controlled and give the effects of worry, 
haste at meal time, sadness, and stories of personal difficulties and 
grievances upon the digestion of food. 

63. Give several evil results of insufficient mastication. 

64. Enumerate several of the experiments of Horace Fletcher. 

65. E'xplain why thorough mastication would lessen the time 
for rest and sleep. 

66. Give a full topic on the care of the teeth and mouth and 
be sure to bring in some of the evil results of carelessness in this 
line. 

67. Speak of the necessity of water in the human system, and 
explain why it is so necessary. 

68. What about water from shallow wells, water which flows 
through sand and gravel, and water from driven wells? 

69. What is the source of water in general, and water in the 
cities ? 

70. Tell how the water used by the people of St. Louis is 
purified ? 

71. When is water said to be hard? When soft? 

72. When is boiling of water to be recommended and why 
does this render it safer? 



10 PHYSIOLOGY. 

7o. When is water insipid, and how can we restore its usual 
flavor ? 

T-i. How nuicli water is needed by the average person per dav 
and when is this amount increased ? 

75. What evil results follow the drinking of too little water? 

i «;. tSpeak of the importance of pure water and pure ice. 

iT. Tell how tea is made and describe the tea plant. 

^8. What })art of the tea plant makes the best tea and why? 

79. Name some of the varieties of tea and tell from what 
part of the plant obtained. 

8U. How is black and green tea made, and explain why black 
tea is more healthful than green tea ? 

81. Compare the amount of tannin and theine in green tea 
with the tannin and theine in black tea. 

82. What causes the diiferent flavors of teas and how are the 
best teas on the market obtained? 

83. Why are tea and coffee not classed as foods but as stim- 
ulants, and why should they not be used by children? 

84. What principle in coffee and tea renders them harmful ? 

85. Describe the coffee tree and its fruit. 

86. Compare the composition of coffee with tea, and show 
the difference between raw and roasted coffee. 

87. Why is coffee not classed as a food and what effect does 
it have upon different individuals? 

88. Tell about the three kinds of coffee in general use. 

89. Give several reasons why we should not drink coffee. 

90. Xame several nourishing drinks. 

91. Give several reasons why milk is both a good food and a 
valuable drink. 

92. How is chocolate otjtained, and describe the bean of the 
cacao tree. 

93. How is cocoa and sweet chocolate obtained? 

94. Tell all about cei'eal drinks and how made. 

95. Name several non-alcoholic refreshing drinks and tell why 
tbey have little food value yet are highly beneficial to the digestive 
system, 

96. Why are bananas, strawberries, and watermelons valuable 
in human diet ? 

97. What can be said about the sugar and acids found in ripe 
fruit? 

98. How is lemonade and orangeade made and what about 
the value of strawberries and grapes? 



PHYSIOLOGY. 11 

99. How are these fruit juice drinks which we purchase adul- 
terated and why are the fruit juices and syrups which we have left 
over from our canning better? 

100. How are various alcoholic drinks made and what is the 
difference between fermentation and distillation? 

101. How is almost pure alcohol made? 
103. Why is alcohol not classed as a food? 

103. Give the effect of alcohol on the albumen in food, upon 
the pepsin in the stomach, epithelial cells of the mouth, upon the 
lining of the stomach, upon the intestines, and upon the liver. 

104. How is wine made and give its composition. 

105. How is beer and ale made and give the composition of 
beer and how is beer preserved and flavored, and what causes ale 
to be stronger than beer? 

106. How is hard cider made and what is the evil result of 
drinking cider? 

107. How much alcohol in whisky and how is it made? 

108. How is brandy and rum made, and where is brandy made, 
and what about the American made brandy ? 

109. Give the effect of the manufacture of alcoholic drinks 
upon the world's supply of food. 

Note. — After the physiology has been gone over by the ques- 
tion method, revieiv it by having the pupils recite by topics. 

QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
THIRD MONTH. 

1. What was the idea of Hippocrates in regard to the cause 
of diseases, and how was this idea later corrected in 1863. 

2. How did Leewenhoels, a Dutch lens maker, aid and what 
about later improved lens and liater discoveries? 

3. What about the discoveries of Pasteur and Tyndall ? 

4. Tell about the discoveries in this line in 1863 and in 1882. 

5. What causes whooping cough, typhoid fever, scarlet fever 
and other kindred diseases, and what three things must be learned 
in order to prevent the spread of diseases caused by micro- 
organisms ? 

6. Name the most common communicable diseases. 

7. Define bacteria and when useful? 

8. Define protozoa. 

9. What was the discovery of Laveran, and give the life 
history of this malaria parasite. 

10. Why is quinine good for malaria ? 



12 PHYSIOLOGY. 

11. Why was this discovery a new departure in science and 
why was it a step in advance? 

12. Xame several infectioiis diseases caused by animal par- 
asites, and why was the search made through insects? 

13. Tell about the discovery in 1895 by Dr. Eenald Eoss, and 
the experiments which followed. 

14. What mosquitoes were the real malaria carriers, and how 
is malaria transmitted ? 

15. Name four kinds of worms affecting man. 

16. What are the two common kinds of tapeworm found in 
U. S. and how remedied? 

17. What is the fish tapeworm and why dangerous? 

18. What causes trichiniasis and how remedied? 

19. Describe the pin worms and how removed? 

20. Describe the round worms. 

21. How may general parasitic infections be avoided? 

23. What causes colds and sore throats and how contracted? 

23. What is the idea of many in regard to colds and what 
proof has completely overthrown the old idea? 

24. \Yhat is the relation between colds and tuberculosis? 

25. In what way may prolonged and excessive exposure lead 
to colds? 

26. How is the best way to protect ourselves against colds? 

27. Give a proof that colds and tuberculosis are not caused 
by cold climates. 

28. What are really the great number of attacks we have and 
call "colds" and what is a real cold? 

29. Why are most colds taken in cold weather? 

30. What can be said about colds and quarantine and about 
the rights of a person when he is suffering from a cold? 

31. How many people die and are crippled each year by tuber- 
culosis ? 

32. What was Eobert ' Koch's discovery, and what appalling 
discovery followed ? 

33. How can the battle with tuberculosis be won? 

34. How was the theory received and what did later experi- 
ments prove? 

35. What is the open air treatment for tuberculosis? 

36. Tell how we are trying to prevent tuberculosis and tell 
about the open air schools. 

37. Give the effect of sunlight upon tuberculosis germs. 

38. What are the leading causes of typhoid fever, and what 
has science taught us in regard to the typhoid germ? 



PHYSIOLOGY. 13 

39. What are the two methods of attack to prevent the out- 
break of typhoid? 

40. What is the name of this germ which causes typhoid 
fever, who discovered it and when? 

•±1. Give a proof that scientists are mastering the disease.* 

42. In what three ways can this germ enter the body and give 
an account of each. 

43. Give some hints in regard to taking care of a typhoid 
patient. 

44. How long does it take for the disease to manifest itself 
after infection and how does it usually come? 

46. What about a drug for the cure of the disease, also about 
the antitoxin ? 

46. Tell how almost perfect immunity is secured thru the 
injection of antitoxin. 

47^ Row does the government recognize this vaccination for 
typhoid? 

48. What was thought to be the cause of diphtheria forty 
years ago? 

49. Tell about the discovery of the scientists in regard tO' 
this disease, and the curious fact about the diphtheria baccillus. 

50. How are the poisons produced and how do we fight this 
poison ? 

51. What animal yields the most and strongest antitoxin, and 
how has the death rate been reduced by the use of antitoxin for 
diphtheria ? 

53. When in the case should antitoxin be used, and how 
are the germs of diphtheria transmitted? 

53. What effect does sunlight have upon diphtheria germs? 

54. What might be some of the after effects of diphtheria 
toxins ? 

55. What can be said about bacteria and the intestines and 
why so bad there? 

56. Name five intestinal germ diseases and tell about them. 

57. Give an account of acute rheumatism and what are the 
symptoms ? 

58. What are the two things about this disease which puzzle 
the scientists? 

59. What about pink eye and trachoma, and how are the 
germs of eye disease carried? 

60. How should sore eyes be treated and what about trachoma 
and conjunctivitis? 

61. What causes boils, abscesses, pimples, etc? 



14 PHYSIOLOGY. 

ii2. Tell about the germs wliicli cause boils. 
()o. What was the old time idea in regard to boils, and give 
some hints in regard to the care of boils. 

64. What are other names for pneumonia and what are the 
early symptoms i' 

65. What can be said m regartl to death from interference 
with breathing i' 

66. How has it been proved that pneumonia was not due to 
cold or exposure? 

, 6?. When is it most deadly and of what section a disease? 
. 68. Give the idea of the scientists in regard to pneumonia. 

69. Give a full account of the pneumonia germ. 

70. What are the three points which count most in a pa- 
tient's recovery from pneumonia? 

71. Tell about the prevalence of small pox in England at one 
time and about the process of vaccination discovered by Sir Ed. 
Jeuner. 

72. Enumerate the benetits derived from vaccination. 

! 73. What is the ditference between cow pox and small pox. 

74. What about the opposition to vaccination? 

75. What about the deaths from measles and small pox and 
why a great cause for concern over these many deaths.? 

76. What causes these diseases, and what can be said about 
their after effects? 

77. Why do we not have antitoxin for measles and scarlet 
fever ? 

79. How do these diseases begin and what about the scales 
which peel off? 

80. Tell about the importance of a quarantine for both dis- 
eases. 

81. What is the "black" scarlet fever? 

82. Give an account of measles and their symptoms and care. 

83. How do worms get into the intestines? 

84. Name the different kinds of worms found in the intes- 
tines, and when do children suffer from worms? 

85. What about worm powders, and why should we be care- 
ful in expelling the tape worm? 

86. What is hookworm, how spread, and how does it affect 
people? 

87. What causes malaria and what is the best way to pre- 
vent it? 

88. How does malaria affect the system? 

89. How can we eradicate communicable diseases? 



^^ PHYSIOLOGY. 15 

90. Tell how England tried to save life from cholera. 

91. When was quarantine first established and compare our 
early efforts at quarantining with our present purpose. 

92. What are the benefits of our quarantine laws ? 

93. Name our leading quarantineable diseases. 

94. Give good reasons wliy we need community hospitals for 
contagious diseases and where are such hospitals found? 

95. Why is it important that every person should be in- 
structed in emergencies? 

96. What are some of the common accidents among children^ 
and what has greatly reduced the number of fatalities? 

97. What about cleanliness? 

98. What are the common things the house wife uses on cuts, 
sores, bruises, and boils? 

99. Why are burns so painful and more difficult to treat than 
cuts ? 

100. Why not Avash a burn to kill the germs? 

101. Give specific rules in regard to treating a burn. 

102. When is it poor economy to do without medical atten- 
tion ? 

103. Tell what should be done in case the clothing catches 
on fire. 

104. What are the two most common of all accidents? 

105. What causes some cuts to be longer in healing than 
others? 

106. Tell how to treat a fresh cut and what should be done 
in case of a deep flesh wound? 

107. What causes bites of animals to often cause poisoning? 

108. What about snake bites and their treatment? 

109. What about insect bites and bee stings and how treat 
them ? 

110. What about the danger from wounds, and what has les- 
sened this danger? 

111. What can be said about bandages, especially the triangu- 
lar bandage and its usefulness ? 

112. What is often the cause of nose bleed, and what is the 
treatment ? 

113. What is a sprain, and what will lessen the pain and 
swelling ? 

114. Tell how to treat a sprain. 

115. What is a strain and how treat it? 

116. What is cholera morbus and how treat it? 

117. How make a plaster that Avill not blister? 



16 PHYSIOLOGY. 

118. What is crou}) and how treat a patient suffering from 
croup ? 

119. What about the treatment for membraneous croup? 

120. What is epilepsy or fits and wliat may cause them? 
131. What causes convulsions? 

123. How treat an adult for fits? 

133. What causes concussion of the brain, and what is the 
treatment ? 

134. What causes a person to faint and what is the treatment? 

135. What may cause suffocation? 

136. What is the first thing to do for a person wlio has suffo- 
cated ? 

137. Wliat should be done for choking, strangulation, gas or 
vapor poisoning, and electric shock? 

138. What causes choking and tell how food sometimes enters 
the windpipe. 

139. Give the treatment for choking. 

130. In what two ways may sunstroke affect the patient and 
which is the most serious symptom? 

131. What is the treatment of sunstroke? 

133. What can be said about boys and girls learning to swim? 

133. What arc some of the things we could do for a drowning 
person in case we could not swim? 

134. How might we revive a person who is apparently 
drowned ? 

135. What should we do with a person who has swallowed poi- 
son of any kind? 

136. Give two ways by which we might living about vomiting. 

137. Tell how to make an antidote that might be administered. 

138. What could you do for a person who has become poisoned 
from an acid, especially from oxalic or carbolic acid? 

139. How treat a person who has lead poisoning? 

140. HoAv may we become poisoned with arsenic and what 
should be done? 

141. What about mercury poisoning and poisoning from 
strychnine ? 

143. What about the poison from poison ivy? 

ISToTE. — After the physiology lias been gone over by the ques- 
tion method, review it hy having the pupils recite by topics. 



PHYSIOLOGY. 17 

QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FOURTH MONTH. 

1. What is meant by the skeleton, and what about the 
decay of bones? 

2. Give the uses of the bones. 

3. Give the general plan of the skeleton, and into what 
three parts is it divided? 

4. Name the twenty-two bones of the skull. 

5. What can be said about the bones of the trunk and 
their number? 

6. How many ribs, and which are the true and false ribs? 

7. Where is the breast bone and pelvis? 

S. Of how many bones is the back bone composed; classify 
them and name them, 

9. What is the benefit of the curves in the back bone? 

10. What is the use of the pads of gristle between the little 
bones in the back bone? 

11. How are the vertebrae held together? 

12. Where is the spinal cord? 

13. What is the use of the axis and atlas bones ? 

14. Speak of the two irregular bones at the end of the 
spinal column. 

15. Of what does the bones of the upper limbs consist? 

16. Describe the collar bone. , 

17. Where is the humerus, ulna, and radius? 

I'S. How many bones in the wrist and what are their names ? 

19. Where are the meta carpal and phalangus bones? 

20. What are the bones of the lower extremeties? 

21. Where is the femur and patella? 

22. What are the names of the bones of the lower leg? 

23. Where are the tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges bones ? 

24. What is the chief function of the curves in the spinal 
column and what would be the result if it were straight? 

25. What is the use of the curves in the arches of the foot, 
and what is meant by "flat foot"? 

26. What did the examination for the draft show in regard 
to "flat feet" and tell how they are trying to remedy it. 

27. Why is it important to have a high arch to our foot? 

28. Of what use to our body are the joints? Illustrate. 

29. What pains are taken to remedy abnormal curves? 

30. Who are Adolph Lorens and Captain Bolland Meisen- 
oach ? 



18 PHYSIOLOGY. 

31. What can be said about arch supports? 

33. Enumerate several causes of abnormal curves. 

33. Tell about healthful posture. 

34. Tell about the different shapes of the bones. 

35. Give a complete description of the structure of the 
bones. 

36. Tell about bones as fertilizers. 

3T. Of what are bones composed and what is the use of 
each kind of matter? 

38. Tell how the animal and mineral matter may be shown. 

39. From what source do bones receive their food? 

40. What about the reproduction of a young bone? 

41. What effect does the periosteum have upon the forma- 
tion of a new bone ? 

42. What happens when a bone is broken and how is it 
repaired ? 

43. What can be said about bones in the temperate climates? 

44. What are the two purposes of the marrow ? 

45. What is the periosteum and of what is it composed? 

46. How is the bone nourished by the periosteum ? 

47. What is a. joint and how are the surfaces which make 
the contact covered? 

48. How are the joints moistened and lubricated? 
40. AVhat is the use of the ligaments? 

.■)(). What are the uses of the joints ? 

51. What are the different types of joints? 

52. Tell about the joints of the head and the joints of the 
back bone. 

53. How are the ribs joined to the breast bone? 

54. Tell about the hinge joint, the ball and socket joint; 
also the pivot joint and give example of each kind. 

55. What are the ligaments and what is their use? 

56. What causes the bones to be out of joint or dislocated? 

57. What is a sprain, how is it painful, and how treated? 

58. What is a dislocation, what follows and how is it 
treated ? 

59. What causes inflammation and abscesses of the bones? 

60. What is consumption of the bones? 

61. What are rickets and felons? 

62. What can be said about malnutrition of bones? 

63. What are the two chief uses of the muscles? 

64. How do the muscles produce motion and heat? 

65. How is this fuel food brouiiht to the muscles? 



PHYSIOLOGY. 19 

66. How is the demand for more heat met? 

67. What else besides heat does the burning of the fuel 
foods produce? 

68. How is this waste removed? 

69. What causes our muscles to sometimes become sore and 
how can we relieve this soreness? 

70. How much of the body is muscle and into how many 
classes are muscles divided? 

71. Define voluntary and involuntary muscles and give ex- 
amples of each. 

73. Tell about the different shaped muscles. 
73. Explain the structure of voluntary and involuntary 
muscles. 

73. How are the muscles attached to the bones? 

74. Describe a tendon. 

75. Explain fully how the muscles act upon the bones as 
levers. 

76. What is meant by antagonistic action? 

77. Give several hints on the acquiring and maintaining 
of a healthful posture. 

78. Name two forms of energy, and where does this energy 
come from? 

79. What effect has motion on heat and why? 

80. What causes fatigue and what causes us to become 
rested ? 

81. What relation is there between pure fresh air and whole- 
some food to muscular activity? 

83. How is motion and heat released from the muscles, and 
what are the two reasons why the blood should circulate? 

83. Give several good reasons why we need exercise and 
some good hints on the kinds of exercise to take, 

84. Explain how alcohol decreases muscle efficiency. 

85. Give some experiments to show that alcohol decreases 
the power and strength of the muscles. 

ISToTE. — After the physiology has been gone over by the ques- 
tion method, r&vieio it by having the pupils recite by topics. 



GEOGRAPHY. 



QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FIRST MONTH. 

1. What is the name of the gaseous envelope which sur- 
rounds the earth? 

2. Of what is the air or atmosphere composed? 

3. What causes the air to move? 

4. What would be the result if there were no difference 
in temperature. 

5. Upon what is the circulation, density and humidity of 
the atmosphere dependent? 

6. What is the general tendency in regard to the direction 
in which the winds blow and what causes this direction to be 
modified ? 

7. What effect do winds have upon climate? 

8. Explain the circulation of the air in a room heated by 
a stove or furnace. 

9. Name the different wind belts of the earth. 

10. What is the Doldrum Belt and what other name for it? 

11. What are the Trade Winds? 

12. What is the difference between the equator and the heat 
equator and what causes the heat equator to shift north or south 
of the regular equator? 

13. What are the Northeast and Southeast Trade winds? 

14. Describe the movement of the air in the Horse Lati- 
tudes. 

16. Explain fully the Prevailing Westerlies. 

17. Locate the Doldrum Belt, tell which way the air moves 
in this belt, and give the width of it. 

18. Which way to the Northeast and Southeast Trades blow, 
and what is its latitude? 

19. Which way does the air move in the Horse latitudes, 
how does this air shift, and in what latitude are they? 

20. Where are the Westerlies of the Northern and Southern 
Hemispheres and how far north and south latitude do they blow? 

21. Make a list of the Wind Belts and opposite each give 
the air movement. 

22. How does moving from or to the equator affect the ocean 
currents ? 



GEOGRAPHY. 21 

33. Explain how the ocean currents affect the climate of the 
neighboring coasts. 

24. Give a full account of the belt of water in the western 
part of each ocean between the topics. 

25. Give the effect on the east and west coasts of continents 
in the northern hemispheres which are washed by these ocean 
currents. 

26. With your map before you, trace the North Equational 
Current, and tell about its velocity and size. 

27. With your map before you, trace the South Equational 
Current, and tell how it finally merges into the Antartic Drift 
Current and then trace this current. 

28. Give the origin of the Gulf Stream and trace it on 
your map and give the width, depth and velocity of it. 

29. Give an account of how the warm water of the Gulf 
Stream is equalized by a cold stream of water from the north. 

30. Trace the Labrador Current on your map. 

31. With your map before you, trace the South Equatorial 
Current telling what finally becomes of the northern and southern 
branches of it. 

32. Give an account of the two separate currents in the 
Indian Ocean. 

33. Make a list of the ocean currents and tell whether they 
are warm or cold currents. 

34. How closely related is the atmospheric circulation and 
the oceanic? 

35. Name the ocean currents and tell what winds they 
follow in direction. 

36. What was Benjamin Franklin's idea in regard to the 
ocean currents and the winds? 

37. Tell what winds affect the western coasts of Canada, 
United States, South America, the eastern coast of United States, 
Mexico, Central America and South America, the western coast 
of Europe and southeastern coast of Africa. 

38. Make a drawing of these coasts and on it name and 
place arrows to show the direction of the winds. 

39. Compare warm and cold air with reference to ability 
to hold moisture. 

40. Upon what does the amount of vapor in air depend? 

41. How much vapor in a room 10' x 20' x 20' if the 
temperature was 80° ; if the temperature was 60° ? 

42. If warm air is cooled, what is the result? 



22 GEOGRAPHY. 

43. What is the result if the moisture in the air is chilled, 
and in what ways can this chilling of air be brought about? 

44. What causes the heavy rains in the equatorial belt? 

45. What is the result of the shifting of this wind belt? 

46. What causes British America, Greenland, and Siberia 
to have scant rainfall? 

47. Tell about the Prevailing Westerlies and the rainfall 
they bring through cyclonic storms. 

48. What effect do high mountains have upon rainfall? 

49. Tell how the Trade Wind Belt affects the rainfall. 

50. What about the rainfall in the Doldrum Belt? 

51. What about the rainfall in the Belt of Tropical Calms, 
and Horse Latitudes and explain why? 

52. What can be said about the rainfall on the windward 
and leeward mountain slopes and give examples to show that 
this is true. 

53. What causes deserts and give an example. 

54. What would be the effect upon Central America if the 
Atlantic were land; if Eurasia was water? 

55. What are cyclonic storms and what effect do they have 
upon rainfall? 

56. What is the effect of these cyclonic storms upon north- 
eastern United States and Canada, and where do these storms 
form? 

57. Trace the cyclonic storms; tell how much land they 
cover, where do they obtain their moisture, and how is this 
moisture carried so far? 

58. Where does western Europe get most of her rainfall. 

59. What causes the high table lands of Central Asia to 
be chiefly desert? 

60. What are monsoons, and describe the seasons of India? 

61. Tell about the rainfall of Eastern Asia, Japan, Dutch 
East Indies, and the Philippines. 

62. Into what three classes may the land surface of the 
earth be divided? 

63. What is a desert, and why is Greenland a desert? 

64. How much of the land surface is desert and how mucii 
is too arid for farming? 

65. Tell about the desert in Peru, and describe in general 
most deserts. 

66. Tell how winds change the surface features of a desert, 
and how far has sand from the deserts been carried by the winds? 



GEOGRAPHY. 23 

67. What lands do we find between the deserts and the 
forests and explain this. 

69. What name is given to them in United States and where 
are our grasslands? 

70. What name is given to them in Eussia and teil about 
their grass lands. 

71. What name is given to them in Venezuela and Columbia 
and describe the grass lands, and tell what they are called in 
South America. 

73. How is the forest area of the earth now regulated, and 
where were they found in their natural state? 

73. Tell about the different trees found on the mountain 
sides. 

74. What is the government in Europe doing to preserve 
the forests? 

75. Tell about the forests in the Temperate Zones, also 
those in the Torrid Zone. 

76. Describe the climate and vegetation in the cold deserts. 

77. Describe the climate and vegetation in the hot deserts. 

78. Describe the climate and vegetation on the prairies and 
steppes. 

• 79. Describe the climate and vegetation on the savannas. 

80. Tell about the temperate forests and where found. 

81. Tell about the tropical forests and where found. 

82. N"ame the six continents. 

83. Name five important countries of each continent, spell 
the countries and pronounce them correctly. 

84. Locate Alaska, and tell what winds toucn its southern 
shores and describe the rainfall. 

85. Tell about the vegetation of Alaska, also about its 
mining industry. 

86. What are your ideas as regard the advantages and dis- 
advantages of Alaska for the development of human life ? 

87. Locate the Dominion of Canada. 

88. Compare the climate of the east and west and account 
for the difference. 

89. What about the rainfall of Canada, and tell about the 
northern part. 

90. Describe the coast. 

91. Tell about the southern part of Canada. 

92. What is the leading occupation and name the leading 
products of Canada. 



24 GEOGRAPHY. 

93. Locate the United States and explain why the western 
and southeastern coasts are warm. 

94. In what wind belt does the United States lie and what 
about the rain i all ? 

95. In what zone is the United States, and describe the 
climate. 

96. What is the leading occupation of United States and 
name the leading products. 

97. What are your ideas as regard the advantages and dis- 
advantages of United States for the development of human life? 

98. Locate Mexico, and tell about the Wind Belts affecting 
its climate. 

99. Describe the rainfall of Mexico also its climate. 

100. What can be said about the natural resources of Mexico ? 

101. Tell ahout the trees and plants of Mexico, also name 
the leading agricultural products. 

102. What are your ideas about the advantages and dis- 
advantages of Mexico for the development of human life? 

103. Locate Central America and tell in what wind belt it 
lies. 

104. Describe the rainfall of Central America. 

105. Tell about the forests of Central America. 

106. What about agriculture in Central America? 

107. What are your ideas about the advantages and dis- 
advantages of Central America for the development of human 
life? 

108. Tell about Brazil under the following heads: location, 
climate, rainfall, and forests. 

109. Why is it not a favorable place for human hahitation? 

110. Tell about Venezuela under the following heads : loca- 
tion, winds, savannas, and coffee. 

111. What about its suitability for human habitation? 

112. Locate Columbia. 

113. In what wind belt is Columbia? 

114. Tell about the seasons. 

115. Tell about the vegetation, communication, and popula- 
tion of Columbia. 

116. Why is Columbia not well suited for the development 
of human habitation? 

117. Locate Peru. 

118. What causes the strip of land between the Pacific and 
Andes to be a desert? 

119. Describe the resjion known as Montana. 



GEOGRAPHY. 25 

120. Tell about the vegetable products, 

121. What is the chief need for human life? 

122. Where is Argentina and in what wind belt does it lie? 

123. Compare the rainfall in the northern part of Argentina 
with that farther south. 

124. Where is the best part of Argentina? 

125. Tell about the vegetation in the north, central and 
southern parts. 

126. What can be said about its future population and why? 

127. Locate the British Isles. 

128. In what wind belt do the British Isles lie ? 

129. What effect does the Gulf Stream have upon the cli- 
mate ? 

130. Tell about the variation in rainfall. 

• 131. Tell about the products of the British Isles. 

132. What about the adaptation of the British Isles for 
liuman habitation? 

133. Locate Spain, and tell in what wind belt it lies. 

134. Describe the rainfall. 

135. Tell about the vegetation of Spain. 

136. How is Spain adapted to human habitation? 

137. Locate France. 

138. In what wind belt does France lie and tell about the 
rainfall and climate. 

139. Describe the vegetation. 

140. What about the suitability of France to human habi- 
tation ? 

141. Give the location of Germany and tell in what wind 
belt it lies. 

142. Explain the rainfall. 

143. Tell about the vegetation of Germany. 

144. How is Germany suited to human life? 

145. Locate Italy and tell in what wind belt it lies. 

146. Tell about the rainfall of Italy. 

147. Give an account of the climate and vegetation of Italy. 

148. How is Italy suited to hum.an habitation? 

149. HoAv much of the land surface of the glove is occupied 
by Russia, and what about its boundary? 

150. Give a full account of the climate of Russia. 

151. Tell about the vegetation of Russia. 

152. Why is Russia not very encouraging to habitation? 

153. Where is China? 

154. In what wind belt does it lie? 

ft- 



26 



GEOGRAPHY. 



155. 

15G. 

157. 
tation ? 

158. 

158. 

159. 
tation ? 

IGO. 

361. 

162. 
tation ? 

163. 

164. 



What about the rainfall of China ? 

Describe the vegetation. 

What about the suitability of China for human habi- 

Locate Japan, and how is its climate influenced? 
Tell about the rainfall and vegetation of Japan. 
What about the suitability of Japan for human Iiabi- 

Locate India and tell about its rainfall. 

Tell about the vegetation of India. 

What about the suitabilitv of India to human habi- 



Locate Persia and tell in what wind belt it lies. 
Tell about the vegetation and why is it not well suited 
to habitation. 

165. Give the location of Egypt. 

In what wind belt does it lie? 

Tell about the rainfall and the vegetation. 

How is Egypt suited to human habitation? 

Locate Abyssinia and in what wind belt does it lie? 

Why is it not well suited to human habitation? 

Locate Congo Free State and in what Avind l:>elt does 



166. 

167. 

168. 

169. 

170. 

171. 
it lie ? 

172. 

173. 

174. 

175. 

176. 
climate. 

177. 

178. 

179. 

180. 

181. 

182. 



Tell about the vegetation and climate. 

How is Congo Free State suited to human liabitation? 

Locate Morocco and tell about its rainfall. 

Describe the vegetation of Morocco. 

Locate Cape Colony and how do the Avinds affect the 



Tell about the climate and vegetation of Cape Colony. 
In what hemisphere is Australia and in what zone? ? 
In what wind belt is Australia ? 
Tell fully about the climate including the r.iinfall. 
Tell about the vegetation. 

How is Australia adapted to human habitation? 
Note. — After the geography has heen gone aver hy the ques- 
tion mefJiod. review if hy having flie pupils rerlle on if J)y flie topics. 



QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SECOND MONTH. 

• 1. Give the latitude and longitude of South America. 
2. AVhat shape is Soufh America ? C^ompare it with Xorth 
America. 



GEOGRAPHY. 27 

3. What about its extension south and what other continent 
is crossed by the equator? 

4.^ In what hemisphere does South America lie and what 
about its width? 

5. How long and wide is South America? 

6. What countries of South America are crossed by the 
equator ? 

7. Name the countries of South America that are wholly 
north of the equator, also name the countries wholly south. 

8. Name all the countries of South America with their cap- 
itals. 

9. Be able to write on the board the six continents with the 
area and population of each. 

10. Give the direction and distance of South America from 
the other continents. 

11. Give five advantages of the location of South America, 
and two disadvantages. 

12. Make a list of the different parts of South America in 
which we find highlands and name the highlands. Also name and 
locate ten mountain peaks of South America, 

13. Describe the great lowland plain. 

14. Tell about four of the great rivers of South America and 
their basins. 

15. Give a good topic on the "Coast of South America." 

16. Name and locate five important islands found around 
the coast of South America. 

17. What causes the heavy rainfall in the region of the 
Amazon Eiver, how long is the rainfall and how far does it ex- 
tend? 

18. , Explain the rainfall in the belt of the northeast and 
southeast' trades. 

19. Explain why the eastern slope of the Andes has a heavy 
rainfall while the western is dry. 

20. Explain the condition that exists in the region of the zone 
of tropical calms, and tell why Atacama is a desert. 

21. Describe the Gran Choco. 

22. Explain why the Guiana lowlands have heavy rains and 
why such dense forests are found on the Guiana highlands. 

23. Explain why the west coast of the Andes have heavy rain- 
fall while Patagonia on the east is dry. 

24. Describe the southern part of South America. 

25. What kind of climate has most of South America? 



28 GEOGRAPHY. 

2(3. Upon what does the dLstributioii of tenijieiatiire in youth 
America depend? 

27. Explain why the east coast is warm. 

28. Give a full description of the equatorial forests of South 
America. 

29. Teil about the savannas Jiortli and west of the Orinoco 
and what are the leading products of the savannas? 

30. Where is the greatest South American desert, describe 
it and account for the oases found there. 

31. Locate and tell about the rich and poor steppe lands. 

32. Give a full account of the pampas or grassy plains and 
their products. 

33. Tell about the advantages and disadvantages of the 
climate of South America to human occupation. 

34. Where are the regions of rainy seasons and dry seasons 
in South America? 

35. Name the useful animals of South America, the wild 
animals both the small and large, also tell about the habits of the 
llama. 

36. Make a list of ten native animals of South America, se- 
cure their picture, describe each aniniMl ajid give its characteristic 
habits. 

Note. — After the geographij has been gone over by the ques- 
tion method, review it by having the pupils recite by topics. 
As this month's work is very brief, review the first month's ivork 
by the topic method. 

QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
THIRD MONTH. 

1. What will be the work for the third month as oritlined 
in the Illinois State Course? 

2. What special topics uiuler each couiitiy will be given 
special attention? 

3. Why is Brazil an agriculture country and why is most 
of the agriculture carried on in the east coast regions? 

4. Name several of the agricultural products of Brazil. 

5. Tell about the animal products of different sections of 
Brazil. 

6. Give an account of mining in Brazil. 

7. Give reasons whv manufacturing is not iin])()rtant in 
Brazil . 

8. What are the prospects for Brazil in regard to commerce? 



GEOGRAPHY. 29 

9. What country was interested in Brazil's commerce and 
name some of the leading exports. 

10. What can be said in regard to the resources of Brazil? 

11. What is the most enterprising state in Brazil and what 
can be said in regard to it? 

12. Give two reasons why South America is in a backward" 
condition. 

13. What can be said about its present development? 

14. What can be said about the future possibilities of Brazil 
and what is the present hindrance? 

15. Of what descent are the Europeans in Brazil? 

16. AVhat can be said about the present population? 

17. What country is sending a great many immigrants to 
Brazil ? 

18. Describe the conditions along the coast. 

19. What about the agriculture in British Guiana and what 
are the leading crops? 

20. What has been the use of French Guiana to France? 

21. Tell about gold mining in the Guianas. 

22. What about manufacturing in the Guinas ? 

23. What are the leading exports of the Guianas? 

24. How is commerce carried on in British Guiana? 

25. Describe the conditions in Dutch Guiana in regard to 
commerce. 

26. Name four natural resources of the Guianas. 

27. Give an account of the present development of the Guinas 
and their future possibilities. 

28. Give an account of the characteristics of the people of 
the Guianas. 

29. What are the leading agriculture products of Brazil and 
in what sections of Brazil are they found? 

30. Locate Caracas and give a description of it. 

31. Tell about the interior of Venezuela. 

32. What can be said about gold mining in Venezuela ? 

33. Tell about manufacturing in Venezuela. 

34. ISFame the leading exports of Venezuela and with what 
countries is it carried on? 

35. Give five of the natural resources of Venezuela. 

36. What about the development of Venezuela and what 
about its rank among other countries of South America? 

37. Describe the people of Venezuela. 

38. What about aoriculture in Uruguay? 



30 GEOGRAPHY. 

39. Tell about grazing iu Uruguay and give an account of 
the animal products. 

40. JS'ame the leading minerals of Uruguay. 

41. What about the manufactures in Uruguay. 
4:2. Name the leading exports of Uruguay. 

43. Name four of the resources of Uruguay. 

44. Tell about the government of Uruguay and what is her 
present great need ? 

45. Locate Montevideo and tell about it. 

46. Give an account of the characteristics of the people of 
Brazil. 

47. What is the chief industry of Paraguay and what comes 
second ? 

48. How about the minerals in Paraguay? 

49. JSTame five of the principal manufactured articles. 

50. Tell about the regular service on the steam ships be- 
tween the ports of the Eiver Plate and Asuncion. 

51. How is communication with the interior carried on and 
what are the leading exports? 

52. Tell about the resources of Paraguay. 

53. Give an account of the present development and future 
possibilities of Paraguay. 

54. Tell about the character of the people of Paraguay. 

55. What is one of the chief industries of Argentina and tell 
about the leading agriculture crops of Argentina, and what is the 
leading port? 

56. What about stock raising in Argentina? 

57. Tel] about sheep raising in Argentina and tell about the 
homes of the shepherd. 

58. Name the leading minerals of Argentina. 

59. Make a list of the manufactured articles of Argentina. 

60. Tell about the commerce of Argentina and name some of 
the leading exports. 

61. Tell about the natural resources of Argentina. 

62. Give an account of Buenos Aires and tell about its pres- 
ent development and what can be said about its future possibilities ? 

63. Tell about the people of Argentina. 

64. Why are not agriculture and grazing important occu- 
pations in Chile? 

64. Describe the central Valley of Chile and where is sheep 
raising carried on? 

65. Give a paragraph on the minerals of Chile. 

66. Name the chief manufactured articles of Chile. 



GEOGRAPHY. 31 

67. What are the leading exports of Chile? 

68. By what means is commerce carried on iu Chile? 

69. Tell about the resources of Chile. 

70.. Tell about the present development of Chile by giving an 
account of her cities. 

71. What can be said about the future possibilities of Chile ? 

72. Give an account of the people in Chile. 

73. Tell about the agriculture products of Chile and also 
the grazing. 

74. Isi^ame the leading mineral products of Bolivia. 

75. What about the manufacturing in Bolivia? 

76. Why is Bolivia not a great commercial nation? 

77. Name the leading exports. 

78. In what two natural resources is Bolivia rich? 

79. What can be said about the backward condition of some 
parts of Bolivia? 

80. What is the capital and chief city of Bolivia? 

81. - What can be said about the future possibilities of Bolivia? 

82. Give a full account of the character of the people of 
Bolivia. 

83. Why are not the natural resources of Peru developed? 

84. What are the leading agriculture products of Peru? 

85. Give an account of the mining and manufacturing of 
Peru. 

86. What European countries controlled the commerce of 
Peru at the outbreak of the present war? 

87. By what means is commerce carried on in Peru ? 

88. Name the leading exports of Peru. 

89. Name five natural resources of Peru. 

90. Tell about the present development and future possibil- 
ities of Peru. 

91. What is the character of the people of Peru? 

92. Tell about agriculture and mining in Ecuador. 

93. What can he said about the minerals of Ecuador? 

94. What is the only manufactured article of Ecuador? 

95. Name the leading exports of Ecuador. 

96. Tell about the resources of Ecuador. 

97. Tell about the present development and future possibili- 
ties of Ecuador. 

98. Describe the people of Ecuador. 

99. Tell about the leading agricultural products of Columbia, 
and give an account of grazing. 

100. Name the leading minerals of Columbia. 



32 



GEOGRAPHY. 



101. How does manufacturing rank iu Columbia? 

102. Tell about the commerce of Columbia. 

103. Give a full account of the natural resources of Columbia. 

104. Tell about the present development and future possibil- 
ities of Columbia. 

105. What people live in Columbia? 

106. Each and every pupil in the class must know the map 
work required in the third month's work. 

107. Name and locate nine of the most important cities of 
South America and give an account of each. 

108. Each pupil in the class must be able to take this outline 
and fill it in on the blackboard: 






Agriculture 



Grazing 



Minini 



Manufacturing; 



Commerce 



Resources 



Present development 
Future possibilities 
. Character of people 



GEOGRAPHY. 33 

QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FOURTH MONTH. 

1. Give the latitude and longitude of Europe. 

2. How long aud Avide lu miies .is Europe? 

3. Xanie the counines crossed by the hftieth parallel of 
north latitude. 

■i. ^ame the countries wholly north of the Hftieth parallel 
of north latitude. 

5. Name the countries wholly south of the fiftieth parallel 
of north latitude. 

6. How many countries in Europe? 

7. Give the table of the countries with their area aud popu- 
lation, 

8. How far and in what direction is Europe from North 
America, South America, Asia and Africa? 

9. Give several of the advantages of the location of Europe, 
aud two of the disadvantages of the location. 

10. What are the advantages of Europe over North and South 
America and what are the disadvantages ? 

11. Compare the latitude of important European countries 
and cities of Europe with reference to Canada and the United 
States. 

12. Trace the primary mountain axis of Europe on your 
geography, and tell what mountains it includes. 

13. Tell about the highlands in the north west, also in the 
east. Locate them on your geography. 

14. Tell about the vast lowland plain, and bring in the 
principal river basins. Locate on your geography. 

15. How long is the coast line of Europe? 

16. What causes the variation in length? 

17. How does this coast line compare with that of other 
countries ? 

18. Why is Europe well adapted to commerce? 

19. Name and locate on your map the great inland seas. 

20. Name the leading peninsulas of Europe and locate them. 

21. Tell about the islands of Europe, name them and locate 
them. 

22. Describe the climate of Europe with reference to the 
westerly winds and cyclonic storms. 

23. Where are the regions in Europe that are not well 
watered ? 

24. In what way can the rainfall of Europe be compared with 
our own country? 



34 GEOGRAPHY. 

25. Why is the eastern part uf P^urupe imieh cohler than the 
western ? 

26. What winds bring rainfall in western Europe? 

27. Why is the region aronnd tfle Caspian Sea and south- 
eastern Eussia dry? 

28. What causes the rainy winters and dry summers of the 
Mediterranean countries ? 

29. Tell how the temperature is distributed and what effect 
does the latitude and ocean have upon the climate ? 

30. Where are the forests of Europe and what has man done 
in regard to the forests? 

31. Tell about the forests in the south of Europe, and de- 
scribe the conditions in regard to trees in southeastern Europe. 

32. Describe the tundra region of Europe. 

33. What can be said about the hot deserts of Europe? 

34. Make a list of ten or more of Europe's wild animals and 
explain the scarcity of the wild animals of Europe. 

Note. — The work of this month is short therefore review tJie 
icorl- gone over in some previous month. 

QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FIFTH MONTH. 

1. Whv is the present war which is now raging called a 
"World War?" 

2. What does the Illinois State Course of Study say in re- 
gard to this topic? - 

3. Why is this previous statement true? 

4. Name the three groups at war. 

5. What countries are embraced in the Central Powers? 

6. What country assassinated the Austrian archduke and 
when ? 

7. What did Austria do in regard to this assassination? 

8. To what did Servia not agree and how did the Austrians 
feel about this? 

9. Who declared war first and when? 

10. Give the exact words of Austria's declaration of war. 

11. What step was then taken by Austria? 

12. Why did Eussia enter on the side with Servia? 

13. What did the Kaiser of Germany do as soon as Eussia 
took Tip arms against iVustria? 

14. How did Eussia feel alxmt the demands made l)y the 
Kaiser? 



GEOGRAPHY. 35 

15. When did the German government declare war on 
Eussia ? 

16. What other two countries then joined the Central 
Powers ? 

17. Xame the Allied Countries. 

18. Which was the first allied country to declare war? The 
second ? 

18. What did Germany do quick and where did her troops 
invade ? 

19. Why did not France and England immediately move 
against Germany? 

20. What did she do with Russia even after Austria wanted 
to settle the trouble? 

31. Why did France grow uneasy, and tell how France was 
not anxious to get into the war. 

23. What country next entered on the side of the Allies? 
33. Tell how Belgium happened to get into the war instead 

of Switzerland. 

24. What promises did Germany make Belgium and how did 
Belgium respond? 

35. What demand did Great Britain make on Germany? 

36. How did Germany treat Great Britain's demand? 

37. When did Great Britain declare war? 

38. Explain how Germany tried to blame France and Eng- 
land and give one of the Kaiser's most flagrant statements. 

39. When did Great Britain declare war on Austria? 

30. What part did Montenegro take? 

31. How did Japan get into the war? 
33. How is Japan helping the Allies? 

33. Where did Italy really belong by the triple alliance ? 

34. Why did Italy not stay as a member of the triple 
alliance ? 

35. Explain how Italy tried to remain neutral and how 
did it end ? 

36. Tell about the entrance of Portugal and Eoumania. 

37. Tell about Wilson's message to Congress February 3, 
1917, be sure to bring in how he tried to keep out. 

38. What reply did Wilson receive from, his note and tell 
about the U-Boat pledge, and under what conditions did Ger- 
many say she woukl obey the rules of international war. 

39. How did the President answer this note? 

40. Tell about the note th&t was given to President Wilson 
in January, 1917. 



36 GEOGRAPHY. 

41. How was this in accordance with her pledge? 

42. What was the message to Congress February 26, 1917? 

43. Wliat was the message April 2, 1917? 

44. When was war declared by the United States? 

45. What about Cuba and Panama? 

46. Give the position of Greece and tell how she finally 
joined the Allies. 

47. What about Siam and Siberia? 

48. What about China and Sau Marino? 

49. Tell about Brazil's entrance into the war. 

50. ^ame the neutral countries. 

51. How have Spain and Portugal kept out of the war? 

52. What position does Holland occupy with reference to 
the warring countries? 

53. What position does Denmark occupy with reference to 
the warring countries and what products are sent to them. 

54. WJiere are Norway and Sweden with respect to the war- 
ring nations and how has their commerce been affected bv the 
submarines ? 

55. What has kept Norway and Sweden neutral? 

56. How is Switzerland situated with respect to the warring 
countries, and how has the war affected her. and wliy does she 
not join the Allies? 

57. How is Eussia a neutral? 

58. What became of the Czar and liow was he succeeded? 

59. What became of Kerensky and what was the reason 
that he could not defend his power? 

60. Who l)roke down Kerensky's power and how wore they 
helped ? 

61. V\']\() finally got the Eussian government? 

63. What did Germany gain from the Bolsheviki ? 

63. How is the government at present and what is the 
Eussian peojile asking of the United States? 

64. Who does Prance and England think has the right 
to interfere ? 

65. What may result from this? 

66. How did the collapse of Eussia help Germany? 

67. Give a full account of Eussia and tell how it may help 
Germany and Austria. 

68. In North America what neutral country do we have? 

69. Name the neutral countries of South America. 

70. What neutral countries in Asia ? 

71. What about llic connti'ios of Africa? 



GEOGRAPHY. 37 

72. What condition exists now in Mexico and tell why Mexico 
dare not make war on the Allies. 

73. Tell how Germany tried to get Mexico to make war on 
the United States. 

74. What position does Chile and Argentina occupy with 
reference to the warring nations? 

75. What about Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Columbia in 
regard to the war? 

76. What position does Venezuela occupy and how did 
Grei-many think she might get it? 

77. How are the Guianas affected? 

78. Why is Persia likely to stay out of the war ? 

79. What about Arabia and the war? 

80. Compare the countries individually and then by groups 
in area. 

81. Compare Austria-Hungary with France, England, Italy 
and the United States. 

82. Compare Germany with France, England, Italy, and 
United States. 

83. How do France and Germany compare in size? 

84. How much territory does Turkey have in Europe? 

85. Compare Bulgaria Avith each allied country. 

86. Compare Eussia with the larger countries at war. 

87. Compare the Central Powers with the Entente Allies. 

88. Compare the population of Austria-Hungary with that 
of the British Empire; with Japan. 

89. How many people in Germany and Austria? 

90. How many people in the United States? 

91. Compare Germany and her possessions with Great Bri- 
tain and her possessions. 

92. Compare the population of Eussia and China. 

93. What is the population of the Central Powers? 

94. What is the population of the Allied Powers? 

95. What can be said about the man power of the Central 
Powers ? 

96. What can be said about the man power of the Allies? 

97. Where will Great Britain get her men? 

98. How was the loss of Eussia offset? 

99. What about the armies of the smaller countries? 

100. What is the smallest state in the war? 

101. What- about its influence in comparison with its size ? 

102. What are the leading occupations of Austria-Hungary 
and Avhat are her products ? 



38 GEOGRAPHY. 

103. What are tlie chief eojiimereial rivers of Austria- 
Hungary? 

104. What are the leading occupations of Germany and what 
are her jn'oducts? 

105. What are the leading connnercial rivers of Germany? 

106. What two of the Balkan States are Allies of Germany 
and what three are Entente Allies? 

107. What about the surface and roads of the Balkan States? 

108. What about the people of Bulgaria and what are the 
conditions in Turkey? 

109. What are the leading ocrupations of the Balkan States? 

110. What about Servia and her products? 

111. What are the products of Servia and Bulgaria? 

113. Wliat about the foreign trade of Turkey and what are 
her products? 

113. We will now take up the countries of the Allies. 

114. Tell about the climate, forest products, animal products 
and vegetable products of Eussia. 

115. Tell about England and her possessions under the fol- 
lowing heads : location, highlands, and products. 

116. Locate France and tell about her plains and plateaus, 
products, and commerce. 

117. What minerals in Belgium and what are her leading 
products ? 

118. How many islands in Japan? 

119. What about her climate and products? 

120. How is Japan prepared for war? 

121. Locate Italy and tell about it under the following heads: 
surface, coast line, and products. 

122. Tell about Portugal and her products. 

123. In what ways is the United States the richest country 
in the world ? 

124. What are the products of Cuba and Panama? 

125. Tell about the people of Greece and its products. 

126. Describe China under the following heads: surface, 
rivers, canals, oc-cupations, and products. 

127. Locate Brazil and speak of its size in comparison with 
Europe. 

128. Give the products of Brazil in the different sections. 

XoTE. — After this month's work m geography has been gone 
aver hi/ thie question method, review it hy halving the '[mpils recite 
by topics. 



GEOGRAPHY. 39 

QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SIXTH MONTH. 

1. What countries of Europe will be studied during the 
sixth month ? 

2. What can be said about the population of ihe British 
Isles and what are the leading occupations? 

3. Describe the condition of their army when the war 
broke out and tell how the ranks were soon filled. 

4. Describe the government of Great Britain. 

5. Who is the nominal head of the government and who 
is the executive head ? 

6. Who is the present ruler? 

7. Name the leading agriculture products and tell where 
grown. 

8. In what mineral is Scotland rich and how long has it 
been mined? 

9. Tell about the iron of Scotland. 

10. Speak of the importance of Birmingham and Leeds. 

11. Tell ahoiit the coal of Wales, and the thickness of the 
coal seams in Great Britain, and the amount of coal still avail- 
able in British coal fields. 

12. What industry has caused the large towns in the British 
Isles ? 

13. Upon what two things have the manufacturers depended? 

14. What has caused the importance of Barrow and Mid- 
dlesborough? 

15. Why is Birmingham important and what other products 
are important? 

16. For what is Manchester noted? 

17. Why are the Clyde and Tyne important? 

18. Name and locate seven important manufacturing cities. 

19. Locate Cornwall and tell why it is especially important. 

20. Name the leading imports of the British Isles. 

21. Tell about the commerce of the British Isles. 

22. Name five of the leading commercial cities of the British 
Isles. 

23. Describe the methods of transportation in the British 
Isles. 

24. Describe the life of the French people : speak of their 
bravery, occupations, products, peasants, losses during this war, 
form of government, churches, and schools. 

25. What about the agriculture of France and name the 
leading agricultural products. 



40 GEOGRAPHY. 

2i). Tell about tlie iiiiuiiig oi' France. 

27. Give an account of the manufacturing and name the 
leading manufactured articles. 

28. Tell about the commerce of France, and name the lead- 
ing commercial ports. 

29. What methods of transportation has France? 

30. Tell how the Belgium has attracted the eyes of the 
world. 

;J1. Who holds the land of Belgium ? 

32. Tell how the people of the Xorth and South differ. 

33. Tell about King Albert. 

34. What is the leading occupation of Belgium ? 

35. What are the products of Belgium? 

3G. Tell about the dense population and the importation of 
food stuffs. 

37. Describe the climate of Belgium. 

38. What minerals are found in Belgium? 

39. Tell about the manufacturing in Belgium. 

40. Give five important sentences about Antwerp. 

41. What methods of transportation has Belgium? 

42. Tell about the people of Holland. 

43. Describe the government of Holland and give an account 
of Queen Wilhelmina. 

44. What about the education in Holland and for what are 
the Holland people noted? 

45. To what people are they related. 

46. Tell about the agriculture of Holland and ]iame the 
leading agriculture products. 

47. WTiat can be said about the mining of Holland? 

48. Name the leading nninufactured articles. 

49. With what countries is commerce carried on? 

50. Compare the exports with the imports of Holland. 

51. What facilities has Holland for commerce? 

52. Tell about her foreign commerce. 

53. Tell about Holland's methods of transportation. 

54. For what are Rotterdam, Harlingen, and Amsterdam 
noted ? 

55. Tell about the life of the people of Denmark. 

56. What are the occupations of the people of Denmark? 

57. Wliat are the leading products? 

58. Describe the people of Denmark in general. 

59. Give an account of the mining and manufacturing of 
Denmark. 



GEOGRAPHY. 41 

GO. Tell about the commerce of Demiiark and name some 
of the leading exports and imports. 

61. What methods of transportation does Denmark have? 

62. Describe the people of Norway. 

63. Tell about the government, religion, education, and emi- 
gration of the people of Norway. 

64. Tell about the climate of Norway and what are the lead- 
ing products, also what is the leading occupation? 

65. Give an account of the mining and manufacturing of 
Norway. 

66. Tell how the Scandinavian peninsula has been favored by 
nature in regard to commerce. 

67. Give an account of the methods of transportation. 

68. Tell about the life of the people of Sweden. 

69. What can be said about agriculture in Sweden and tell 
about the animal products. 

70. Gi\"e an account of mining and manufacturing in 
Sweden. 

71. Tell about the commercial advantages of Sweden, the 
roads and canals. 

72. What methods of transportation has Sweden? 

73. Locate on the British Isles and tell why important : Glas- 
gow, Aberdeen, Edinburg, Liverpool, Manchester, New Castle, 
London, Soiithampton, Cardiff, Bristol, Queenstown. 

74. Locate on France and tell why important : Paris, Havre, 
Eouen, Brest, Orleans, Bordeaux, St. Etienne, Marseilles. 

75. Locate on Belgium and tell why important: Brussels, 
Waterloo, Eamillies, Antwerp, Ligny, Liege. 

76. Locate on Holland and tell why important : The Hague, 
Amsterdam, Eotterdam, Leyclen, Utrecht. 

77. Locate on Denmark and tell why important: Copen- 
hagen, Aarhuus, dense, Aalborg, Esbjerg. 

78. Locate on Norway and tell why important : Christiania, 
Bergen, Trondhjem, Hammerfest. 

"79. Locate on Sweden and tell why important: Stockholm, 
Goteborg, Malmo, Norrkoping, Venersborg and Lidkoping, Carls- 
borg. 

Note. — After this month's luorh has been gone over by the- 
question method, review it by the topic method. 



42 GEOGRAPHY. 

QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SEVENTH MONTH. 

1. What countries of Europe are to be studied during the 
seventh montli? 

2. Describe the German people and tell what are the lead- 
ing occupations of this country. 

3. Speak of the German school system. 

4. Tell about the German form of government, their ruler 
and their law making bodies. 

5. Tell about the German military system. 

6. Tell about the domineering of the German people by their 
government. 

7. What is the leading occupation of Germany? 

8. Name the leading forest trees of Germany. 

9. What can be said about the land of Germany as a wiiole 
and what per cent of the people are farmers? 

10. What are the chief grain crops of Germany? 

11. What use is made of the beet and what cities are especially 
known for this industry? 

12. Tell about the live stock of Germany. 

13. Give a full account of mining in Germany. 

14. Tell about manufacturing in Germany and make a list 
of the manufactured articles. 

15. Tell about the commerce of Germany, and name the 
leading exports. 

16. What methods of transportation has Germany and name 
some of the leading seaports. 

17. Where is Luxemburg and how large is it? 

18. WHiat people live in Luxemburg? 

19. What languages are spoken in Luxemburg? 

20. Describe its government. 

21. Tell about the passing of the German army through 
Luxemburg. 

22. Give an account of the agriculture of Luxem1)urg ; of the 
mining. 

23. What can be said about the manufacturing and coan- 
merce of Luxemburg? 

24. What can be said about the transportation in Luxem- 
Inirg ? 

25. What different races of people live in Austria-Hungary? 

26. What is the result of this mixture of races of people? 

27. What can be said about education in Germany? 



GEOGRAPHY. 43 

2S. Give a full account of agriculture and the agricultural 
products of Germany. 

2S. Name the leading minerals of Austria-Hungary^ also the 
leading manufactured articles. 

2y. Tell about the commerce of Austria-Hungary and name 
the leading exports. 

30. What are the methods of transportation in Germany ? 

31. Tell about the life of the people in Switzerland. 

32. AVhat attention is paid to education in Switzerland? 

33. Give an accoimt of the government of Switzerland. 

34. What are the leading occupations followed in the low- 
lands of Switzerland? 

35. What occupations in the highlands? 

36. Name five agriculture products of Switzerland. 

37. What can be said about mining in Switzerland? 

38. Give a full account of manufacturing in Switzerland. 

39. Why has Switzerland such a large commerce? 

40. Tell about the means of transportation including the 
mountain passes of- Switzerland. 

41. Tell about the life of the people of Greece and speak 
of their education. 

42. In what lines does Greece lead the other countries ? 

43. What is the leading occupation of Greece and name 
the leading agriculture products. 

44. Tell about the minerals of Greece. 

45. Why is not manufacturing important in Greece? 

46. Why is commerce important? 

47. What can be said about the methods of transportation? 

48. Tell about the people in the Balkan states. 

49. What are the leading industries and Avhat about educa- 
tion in these states? 

50. Tell how the people of the Balkan States are becoming 
more and more independent. 

51. What are the products of Turkey? What occupation is 
followed in Bulgaria ancl Eoumania and what products are raised? 

52. What can be said about the commerce of the Balkan 
States and what are some of the exports? 

53. What about the progress of Turkey and what are her 
leading exports? 

54. Tell about the methods of transportation of the Balkan 
States and give the real reason why it is so poor. 

55. Tell about the raining and manufacturing of the Balkan 
States. 



44 GEOGRAPHY. 

56. Locate the following cities and tell why important : Ber- 
lin, Hamburg, Bremen, Cologne, Frankfort, Stra.sburg, Munich, 
Danzig, Stettin, Konigsberg, Lubeck, 

57. Locate the following cities and tell why important : Lux- 
emburg, Vienna, Trieste, Buda Pesth, Lemberg, Prague. 

58. Locate the following cities and tell why hnportaut: 
Zurich, Geneva, Basle, Berne, Lausanne, Lucerne. 

59. Locate the following cities and tell why important : 
Athens, Corinth, Argos, Larissa, Valos, Sparta, Thebes. 

60. Locate the following cities and tell Mdiy important: 
Cettinje, Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia, Constantinople. 

61. Explain fully the dangers to the world should Germany 
win this war. 

Note. — After the ivorl- of this month, lia>^ been gone over I)y 
the question method, review it t)y assigning pupils topics to talk 
about, such as "The Cities of France" or "The Commerce of 
France," etc. 

QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- 
EIGHTH MONTH. 

1. What countries of Europe will be studied during the 
eighth month? 

2. What can be said about the Spaniards and their former 
greatness ? 

3. What might be given as the cause of her losing her 
former greatness ? 

4. AVhat countries still use the Spanish language? 

5. Tell about the agriculture in the river valleys of south- 
ern Spain. 

6. Speak of the forests of Southern Spain. 

7. Why do we rank Spain highly as a mining country and 
name her leading minerals. 

<S. Give an account of manufacturing in Spain. 
!». Why is it that Spain and Portugal do not take a very 
great part in commerce, and who controls their foreign trade? 

10. What about the railroads in Spain? 

11. Name the leading exports, and imports of Spain. 

12. What about fishing in Spain? 

13. Give a full account of transportation in Spain and why 
in such a backward condition? 

14. What language is spoken by the Portuguese, also what 
religion is followed? 



GEOGRAPHY. 45 

15. Describe Portugal in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- 
turies, be sure to bring in how she was conquered b};' Spain and 
later became a republic. 

16. What became of King Manuel and his queen? 

17. AVliat part does Portugal take in the present war? 

18. What parts of Portugal are productive and what are the 
products of each part? 

19. Give an account of mining in Portugal. 

30. What are the leading manufactured articles of Por- 
tugal ? 

21. What about the commerce of Portugal and with what 
countries is it carried on? 

22. Tell about the methods of transportation existing in 
Portugal. 

23. What can be said about the people of Italy? 

24. Describe the government of Italy and tell about the 
education. 

25. Tell about the rainfall of Italy and where is irrigation 
necessary ? 

26. Tell about the vegetation and what is the one great 
drawback to Italy? 

27. Tell about the forests and farm products of Italy. 

28. What can be said about mining and its importance in.' 



Italy 



Name the leading manufactured articles of Italy. 

30. Give an account of the commerce and methods of trans- 
portation in Italy. 

31. What people live in Eussia and what about the lan- 
guages spoken there? 

32. What condition existed until 1861 ? 

33. What is the religion of Eussia and who was at its head ? 

34. Give the condition of education in Eussia. 

35. Tell how Eussia got into the "World War," Avhat suc- 
cess she had, how her government was overthrown, and later how 
the Bolsheviki obtained control, and how they surrendered to 
the Germans and made a disgraceful peace. 

36. Who can save this country? 

37. Describe the tundras of Eussia and what region is south 
of the tundras? 

38'. What are the principal forest trees and what occupa- 
tions are carried on in the forest regions ? 

39. What animals are found in the north and south ? 



46 GEOGRAPHY. 

40. Where is the region of cod fish? 

41. Wliere are the grain belts and what grains are raised 
in Eussia ? 

42. Wliat are the leading domestic animals of Enssia? 

43. Tell about mining in Eussia and name the leading 
mineral products. 

44. What is the condition of manufacturing in Eussia and 
name the leading manufactured articles. 

45. What are the leading exports and imports of Eussia? 

46. What methods of transportation exist in Eussia ? 

47. Give a description of the water routes in Eussia. 

48. Name and describe the leading commercial rivers of 
Eussia. 

49. Locate and tell why im])ortant: Cadiz, Cartagena, 
Valencia, Barcelona, Madrid, Granada. 

50. Locate and tell why important : Oporto, Lisbon. 

51. Locate and tell why important : Eome, St. Peter's, The 
Vatican, Milan, Florence, Naples, Pisa, Genoa. 

52. Locate and tell why important : Kiev, Novgorod, Eiga, 
Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Lodz, i\.kkerman, Nikolaiev, 
Sebastopal, Odessa, Astrachan, Wilna. * 

53. How has Europe been divided for purposes of study? 

54. What countries are included nnder each division? 

55. What can be said about Great Britain? 
5(i. Where is the fleet of Great Britain? 

57. Name some of the great manufacturing and commer- 
cial centers of Great Britain. 

58. What are two important natural advantages of France? 

59. What is the leading product of France? 

60. What are the occupations of the so-called low countries? 

61. Name the low countries and locate their chief commer- 
cial centers. 

62. AVhat are the countries of the Scandinavia peninsulas? 

63. Why do you think they have remained neutral ? 

64. Name the nations of Central Europe. 

65. What are the leading occupations of Central Europe ? 

66. Name anrl locate the chief commercial centers of the 
central group. 

67. AVhat countries of Central Europe belong to the x\llies? 

68. AVhat are the Swiss people doing at present for a living? 

69. What are the countries of Southern and Eastern 
Europe ? 



\ GEOGRAPHY. 47 

70. What are the leading industries and pToducts of Spain 
and Portugal? 

71. What are the leading products of Italy? 

72. What can be said about the climate and products of 
Eussia and what are the sections producing each? 

73. What has led Europe to be considered a continent when 
it is really a peninsula? 

74. In what ways do Europe resemble Asia? 

75. How is the long coast line of benefit to Europe ? 

76. Of what benefit is the broken coast line? 

77. Speak of the importance of the Mediterranean, ISTorth, 
and Baltic seas. 

78. Tell how the courses of the rivers are determined. 

79. What caused the lakes of Europe? 

80. Give a full description of the climate of Europe. 



HISTORY. ^ 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— FIRST 

MONTH. 

1. In order I'ur us to understand the situation in Europe 
that k'd to the discovery of America what must we consider ? 

2. AMien did Eome make lierself the mistress of the world, 
and when did the Eoman Empire reach its greatest extent? 

3. What lands did the Eoman Empire embrace and what 
were its boundaries? 

4. When was the Eoman Enijiiro divided, into what two 
parts, and what were the capital cities? 

5. What happened to the Eomans in the fifth century and 
what was done by the German l)arbarians living north of the 
^Danube ? 

G. What happened to the western part of the Eoman 
Empire ? 

7. When were the "Dark Ages", and Avhy so called ? 

8. What change took place in the fourteenth and fifteenth 
centuries and what luime is given to this period? 

9. Enumerate several changes which took place during the 
Eenaissancc. 

10. W'hat two inventions more than anything else assisted 
navigation ? 

11. What did the Turks do in the East? 

12. What were the parts of the world known to the people 
of Europe about 1450? 

13. In those days what did the Indies include? 

14. What islands were known? 

15. What about the Mediterranean and the Atlantic? 
IG. What idea was general about the shape of the earth ? 

17. What idea was held in regard, to India and China and 
what products were obtained from them? 

18. What kept up the interest in these islands? 

19. On your maps trace the tlirce great trade routes of that 
period. 

20. What can be said about the expense and danger of 
taking goods over these routes? 

21. What had the Turks been doing in regard to these trade 
routes ? 



HISTORY. 49 

22. Should the Turks cut oflE any part of these land routes 
what would be necessary? 

23. What did the Turks finally do in 1463 ? 

24. What problem now fronted the people? 

25. AVhy did Columbus become interested? 

26. What countries were the leaders to find an all sea route 
and what was the idea of Columbus? 

27. What did people think ahout the idea of Columbus and 
what arguments did they hold against it? 

28. How did Portugal hope to reach the Indies and tell 
about the routes of Diaz and Yasco do Gama. 

29. Give an account of Genoa, the birth place of Columbus, 
and what idea was held by Columbus and who originated this 
idea ? 

30. What honor is due Colu.mbu.s? 

31. Why did Columbus go to Lisbon and what did the king 
of Portugal think about this idea? 

32. What was the result of his visit to the king and queen 
of Spain? 

33. What was the result of his second visit to the king of 
Portugal ? 

34. What country finally decided to help him ? 

35. How many vessels and men did Columbus have? 

'36. What were the names of the vessels and which belonged 
to Columbus ? 

37. Tell about the voyage and the landing. 

38. What about his visit to other islands of the group ? 

39. Give an account of hoAv he tried to plant a colony on 
Ha3^ti and how did it succeed? 

40. How many voyages did Columbus make? 

41. Why did the pope divide the new found lands and tell 
how he divided them? 

42. Did Columbus really discover tlie East Indies and what 
prevented it? 

43. What did the new land discovered by Columbus turn 
out to be? 

44. Tell about the explorers sent out by England. 

45. Name some of the early explorers from various coun- 
tries. 

46. Give an account of the later voyages of Columbus and 
the results of each. 

47. Give an account of the death of Columbus. 

48. Tell about the voyage of John Cabot to North America. 



50 HISTORY. 

49. Tell how he was treated on his return to England. 

50. Give an account of the second voyage of Cokimbus. 

51. Who was Americus Vespericius and give an account of 
his exploration? 

52. Tell how America was named. 

53. Give an account of Balboa and his discovery. 

54. What did Magellan request of the king of Spain and 
how did the king respond? 

55. Tell about his explorations and what finally became of 
him. 

56. What success did the rcnuiiuder of Magellan's men have 
after his death? 

57. What three things did Magellan's voyage prove? 

58. Tell about Ponce de Leon and the fabled fountain. 

59. What land did Ponce de Leon discover and what about 
his disappointment and what finally became of him ? 

60. When did Cortez start out and what was his object? 

61. Tell about his trouble with Montezuma. 

62. Tell how Peru was conquered. 

63. Tell why Spain claimed Mexico and Peru. 

64. Who was Coronado and what did he do? 

65. What were the results of his voyage? 

66. To what country did De Soto belong, in M'hat state did 
he land and when? 

67. What states did he and his men explore? 

68. How did De Soto and his men treat the Indians? 

69. What waters did he discover and what finally became 
of him? 

70. Give an account of the remainder of De Soto's men 
after his death. 

71. What was the result of the Spanish efl^orts to colonize 
the country north of Mexico? 

72. What grounds did De Soto have to claim Florida? 

73. Who was John Verrazano and what did he attempt to 
find? 

74. What about the success of Verrazano? 

75. Tell how France got a claim on the eastern coast of 
North America. 

76. Who was Jacques Cartier and why was he sent out? 

77. Where did Cartier land and how far did he move up 
this river? 

78. Tell about Cartier's second voyage to America and this 
time how far did he move up the river? 



HISTORY. 51 

79. Tell about the third voyage of Cartier^ and for whom 
did he claim the land ? 

80. Why did England claim America and tell how she sent 
out bold seamen. 

80-1 Give an account of John Hawkins and what good 
resulted for England by his explorations? 

82. Tell about Sir Francis Drake and his plans and how 
they were carried out. 

83. What special honor belongs to Sir Francis Drake? 

84. What land was claimed by Drake for England? 

85'. Who was Sir Walter Ealeigh and in what did he become 
interested ? 

86. Give an account of how Ealeigh attempted to plant a 
jDermanent agricultural colony. 

87. What land was explored by Amadas and Barlowe, for 
what country and what name was given to it? 

88. Who was Grenville and how was he saved by Sir Francis 
Drake? 

89. Give an account of how Ealeigh persevered and how he 
succeeded. 

90. Why were Ealeigh^s efforts not an entire failure? 

91. Name ten Spanish explorers and ten English explorers, 
tell what they explored and when. 

92. Name one Dutch explorer and tell what he explored. 
93." Name six French explorers, tell what they explored and 

when. 

94. Name four Portuguese navigators and tell what each 
did. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— SECOND 

MONTH. 

1. Tell how Columbus tried to plant a colony for Spain 
on the West Indies Islands. 

2. Of what particular use Avere these islands? 

3. How was Spain benefited by Ponce de Leon, De Soto, 
Cortez, and Balboa? 

4. Give a full account of Pizarro. 

5. What minerals were found by the Spaniards in their 
newly discovered lands ? 

6. Where was the permanent colony which the Spaniards 
established and what was made the capital? 

7. What addition to their property did the Spaniards make 
in 1534? 



52 HISTORY. 

8. What addition did they make in 1538 and what Avas the 
next state to feel the force of the Spanish conqueror? 

9. What did Pedro de Valdivia do? 

10. Tel] how the Spaniards conquered Argentine and Para- 

11. Who settled Brazil and how did the Portuguese obtain 
a strip of the east coast? 

13. Who controlled the Guianas? 

13. How long did the Spanish hold possession of South 
America ? 

14. What change in government was made in the nineteenth 
century and what is the prevailing language and religion of South 
America ? 

15. When did Spain obtain her first claim on the West 
Indies ? 

IG. What were the first pUiees to be settled on the West 
Indies ? 

17. How did slavery become fastened on the West Indies? 

18. Tell how Spain claimed the southwest and the struggle 
between Cortez and Montezuma. 

19. How did Spain get a claim on the land bordering on 
the Pacific? 

20. In what way did Coronada help Spain? 

21. Why did the Spaniards build many cities in Mexico and 
Central America ? 

22. Give four ways in which Spain laid claim to Florida. 

23. Give an account of the trouble between the French 
Huguinots and the Spaniards. 

24. Name the different parts of America claimed by the 
Spaniards. 

25. Wlien did Spain begin to show signs of decay and who 
now became interested in America? 

26. Give an account of De Monts and from whom did he 
obtain his grant of land? 

27. Tell about Champlain and the first French settlement in 
America, also his discovery of Lake Champlain. 

28. Tell about his trouble with the Iroquois. 

29. What places did the French want to obtain control of 
and why? 

30. Tell about the explorations of the French around the 
Great Lakes. 

31. What resistance did the Iroquois ofi'er and what route 
WHS then chosen bv the French? 



HISTORY. 53 

o2. What places weve established by the French? 

33. Tell what Father Marquette and Joliet did for France. 

34. Give an account of La Salle. 

35. JSfame several of the early French settlements of this 
region. 

3(5. Gixe an account of how the Dutch tried to find a north- 
west passage to the Indies. 

37. Tell how Hudson explored the river which now bears 
his name. 

38. What two things impressed Hudson? * 

39. What later ex|)lorations were made by Hudson and what 
finally became of him? 

40. What was done by Adrian Block? 

41. What was the object in founding most of the Dutch towns 
and what name did they give to their new colony? 

42. Who was Peter Minuit and what did he do ? 

43. How did the Dutch try to get along with the Indians? 

44. Explain clearly the "patroon system" and what was the 
object of it? 

45. Why did so many people settle here and what was the 
only draw back? 

47. How did Governor Styvesant rule the people? 

48. Why did the English claim all the Atlantic coast, and 
how did they look upon the colony of New Netherlands? 

49. M^hat did Charles II do in 1664 and what was the result? 

50. After this colony had been taken avv^ay from the Dutch, 
what was done with it? 

51. Tell about the settlement of the Swedes on the Delaware. 

52. Tell how the Dutch captured the Swedish forts and 
changed the name. 

53. What conditions led to a revival of English enterprise and 
explain them. 

54. Tell how the power of England was raised over Spain 
and how were the English sailors encouraged? 

55. Tell about the charter of 1606 and its important provi- 
sions. 

56. What two important companies were formed? 

57. What land was given to the London Company? 

58. What land was given to the Plymouth Company? 

59. What did the Plymouth Company attempt to do and 
what was the result? 

60. What can be said about further efforts of the Plymouth 
Company ? 



54 HISTORY. 

Gl. Who foimded the Plymouth colony in Massachusetts? 
G2. What did the Loudon Company do and what settlement 
did they make? 

63. Speak of the voyage, settlers, and progress of the colony. 

64. Give a full account of John Smith and v^^hat happened 
to the colony when he was called back to England? 

65. Tell about Lord Baltimore and Governor Dale. 
iiiS. Give an account of the charters of 1609 and 1612. 

6T. Tell about the administration of Governor Dale, and 
the graiit of land to individuals. 

68. Speak of the tobacco industry. 

69. Tell about the representative institutions. 
7U. p]xplain the House of Burgesses. 

71. Tell about the introduction of negro slavery and how 
England derived profit from this trade. 

72. How did slavery grow and what use was made of slavery 
in the North and South? 

73. Tell about the enforced labor in the colony. 

74. Give an account of the indentured servants. 

75. Tell about Powhatan and how his death affected the 
colony. 

76. Tell how Xing James took away the charter of Virginia 
and why. 

77. How did Virginia like the Royal governoi's? 

78. Give an account of John Harvey and his oppressive con- 
duct. 

79. Give an account of William Berkeley and how long was 
he governor? 

80. What did the Puritans in England do in 1651, and when 
was the commonwealth overthrow and when came to the throne? 

81. Who did Charles IT appoint as royal governor? 

82. Tell about about Berkeley's administration. 

88. What law did Charles II try to enforce and what was 
this law? 

84. What did the king finally do with Virginia and how did 
the colonists feel about this? 

85. Tell about Bacon's rebellion and what was the result 
of it? 

86. How did Berkeley get revenge and what finally was the 
outcome ? 

87. Tell about the trouble l^etween Charles I and parliament. 

88. Tell about the battle of Xaseby and what liappened to 
Charles I ? 



HISTORY. 55 

89. Who was made ruler after Charles I? 

UU. Who were the Cavaliers and what did they do ? 

91. How did the colonists respect CromwelFs government? 

92. What people were persecuted in England and why? 

93. To what country did these persecuted people come and 
under whose leadership ? 

94. A¥here did these persecuted people settle? 

95. What happened to Lord Baltimore and who succeeded 
him ? 

96. Give a full account of the charter of Maryland. 

97. Tell about the early settlement of Maryland in 1634." 

98. Give an account of the first Catholic church in 
America. 

99. Tell what privileges the people had under the govern- 
ment of Maryland, and how these privileges suited them. 

100. What was the main object in establishing Maryland? 

101. What was the act of 1649 ? 

103. What people were not protected by the act of 1649 and 
why ? 

103. What caused the trouble between Cromwell and Lord 
Baltimore and how was it settled? 

104. When was he restored to his rights and what change in 
freedom of worship was again given? 

105. W^hat caused Maryland to lose her charter and M^hat 
changes took place under the Eoyal Province? 

106. When did matters grow better for the Catholics and 
what finally became of the colony? 

107. When was Baltimore founded? 

Note. — When this month's history has heefi gone over by the 
question method, revieiv it by having the pupils recite by topics. 
Review the first m,onth's iuorl% if time permits. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— THIRD 

MONTH. 

1. What colony planted Virginia and settled Jamestown? 

?. What grant of land did the Plymouth Company receive 
and what success did they have with their first permanent settle- 
ments ? 

3. Tell about the reorganization and new name of the 
Plymouth Company? 

4. How did the Pilgrims happen to settle in Plymouth, 
Massachusetts instead of Virginia? 



56 HISTORY. 

5. Tell al)oiit the charter which the settlers of ^ Plymouth 
obtained. 

G. Tell how narrow minded James I was. 

7. Who were the Puritans and when did they get control 
of the government? 

8. Who were the Saparatists and how did they differ from 
the Puritans? 

^'. Who were the Pilgrims and were they Separatists? 

10. Give an account of how the Pilgrims moved to Holland 
and why they decided to go to America. 

11. How did the Pilgrims obtain enough money to bear the 
expense of coming from Holland to America and how did they agree 
to repay those who had assisted them? 

12. From where did the Pilgrims sail and in what two ships? 

13. Why was the voyage continued in the Mayflower and 
where did they finally land? 

14. Tell how they did not forget to thank God wlio had 
spared their lives from such a dangerous journey. 

15. Xame some of the notable persons who were among this 
little band of one hundred people. 

16. Tell about the hardships of the Pilgrims during the first 
winter. 

17. AVhy were they wise to be friends of the Indians? 

18. Give a good account of the "Mayflower Compact" and 
how many entered into this contract? 

19. What was done by the persons who signed this "Mayflower 
Compact ?" 

20. Tell how the government finally clumged from a pure 
democracy to a representative government. 

21. Who was John Carver? 

22. Give an account of William Bradford. 

23. What honor was given William Brewster and Myles 
Standish ? 

24. Give at least ten good statements about William Brad- 
ford. 

25. Give the story of the relations Myles Standish had with 
the Indians. 

26. Who succeeded James I as king of England and' what 
kind of man was his snccessor? 

27. What was the result of the oppressive rule of Charles I? 

28. Give an account of the Puritans and ^^•bat land were they 
to have? 



HISTORY. o( 

2d. Who was the leader of the Puritans and what settlement 
did they make? 

30. Tell about the charter the Puritans obtained from the 
king, and hoAV did tiiey free themselves from the king? 

31. Tell how the company made settlements on a larger 
scale and name some of the important settlements. 

32. Tell about the character of the settlers. 

33. Tell about the organization of the New England town- 
ship and what prominent place Avas given the church? 

34. Why did the Puritans decide to build their homes close 
together ? 

35. Tell about the founding of Cambridge and its importance 
today. 

36. What rights were given to the colonists under the char- 
ter, and what about the four sessions of the General Court annually 
and how was this later replaced? 

37. How did they deal with local povernment? 

38. Give a clear account of the relationship that existed be- 
tween church and state. 

39. What do you think about the way the Puritans persecuted 
the Quakers and others wdio did not agree with them in their 
religious belief? 

40. What attention was paid by the Puritans to education? 

41. Give a biographical sketch of John Winthrop. 

42. What was the cause of the great migration from England 
to America about the years 1630, 1640? 

43. Why was the Massachusetts Bay Colony a success? 

44; What occupations were followed by the people of Massa- 
chusetts Bay Colony? 

45. Trace the dissensions that led to the banishment of 
Eoger Williams and Anna Hutchinson. 

46. Tell about the founding of Providence, Ehode Island. 

47. What about religious toleration in the Ehode Island 
colony under Eoger AVilliams? 

48. What can be said about the charter which Williams 
brought back from England? 

49. What can be said about the Connecticut Eiver Valley? 

50. Why did the Dutch claim the same land? 

51. Tell about the settlement which John Winthrop made at 
Saybrook and how did this settlement affect the Dutch? 

52. Tell about the immigration to the fertile Connecticut 
Eiver Valley. 



58 HISTORY. 

53. When were Hartford, Windsor, and Weatliersfield 
founded ? 

54. Draw a map of Connecticut and put on it the above 
named towns. 

55. What can be said about Thomas Hooker? 

56. Give a full account of how these settlements were gov- 
erned. 

57. Who settled New Haven and locate it. 

58. Tell about the character of the settlers of New Haven. 

59. What settlements made up the New England Confeder- 
acy and what was the object of this confederacy? 

60. What developed the settlements on the Hudson and what 
were the two most important? 

61. What was the Dutch West India Company when formed 
and what was its object? 

63. What need was seen by the Dutch West India Company 
and how did they try to bring this about? 

63. Who were the patroons and who were the tenants? 

64. Tell how the tenants were under the patroons. 

65. Tell about the governors, Kieft and Stuyvesant. 

66. Tell how the English tried to claim the same land of 
the Dutch, and why were they so anxious for these lands? 

67. Tell how Stuyvesant tried to defend himself and what 
was the result? 

68. Who were the Quakers and why was their belief out of 
the ordinary? 

69. How were they treated in England and who came to 
their rescue? 

70. Give an account of William Penn and tell how he re- 
ceived a grant of Pennsylvania. 

71. Give the boundaries of the tract of land received by Wil- 
liam Penn. 

72. When was Philadelphia founded and give an account of 
how it is laid out. 

73. Tell why Philadelphia grew so rapidly. 

74. Tell about Penn's relation with the Indians and the 
treaty. 

75. Give Penn's idea of government, and tell about the 
government established. 

76. Tell about religious toleration and what effect this had 
on the growth of Pennsylvania. 

77. Tell about the grant of land given by Charles TI to 
seven or eight of his associates. 



HISTORY. 59 

78. Name some of the leaders of the Carolina colony, and 
what were the motives of these leaders to found settlements? 

79. From what places did the settlers of Carolina come? 

80. When, where and by whom was the first settlement in the 
Carolinas ? 

81. M-'hen was Charleston founded? 

82. Explain the charters of 1663 and 1665. 

83. Tell about the settlements that existed in Carolina before 
Charles II made his grant. 

84. When was Clarendon settled and who was governor of 
Clarendon and Albemarl? 

85. Tell about the hard time of the first governor, William 
Ludwig. 

86. When did North and South Carolina become separate 
provinces ? 

87. Who Avas John Locke? 

88. Tell about the Grand model and the success of it. 

Note. — After this month's ivorh has been gone over by the 
question method^ review it, by having pupils recite by topics. If 
time permits, review the second month's ivork. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— FOURTH 

MONTH. 

1. What were the Navigation Laws? 

2. Tell about the trade the colonies were enjoying at this 
time. 

3. What was the object of the Navigation Laws? 

4. What was the effect of the Navigation Laws? 

5. Tell how the colonies evaded the Navigation Laws. 

6. Why did Charles II overthrow the Massachusetts charter 
and how was this colony then ruled? 

7. Tell about the charter granted by Charles II to Con- 
necticut ? 

8. Tell how James II, successor of Charles II decided to 
bring Connecticut under his control. 

9. Give an account of how Andros obtained the charter of 
Ehode Island. 

10. Give a full account of the arbitrary rule of Sir Edmund 
Andros in Massachusetts. 

11. Tell how the rest of New England and New York came 
under the control of Andros, and how tyrannical the government 
finally became. 



60 HISTORY. 

12. What did the people do in order to protect their rights 
aud with what success? 

13. What was the cause of the English Kevolution of 1688-89, 
and what was its immediate consequence in America? 

14. Compare the colonial policy of William III with that of 
Charles II and James II. 

15. What privileges Avere permitted to the colonists? 

16. How was the greater part of the reign of William II 
taken up? 

17. Tell about the new charter granted to Massachusetts when 
William became king and what power did the king retain? 

18. Tell about the grant of land to James Oglethorpe, and 
what was his object in founding the colony of Georgia? 

19. What town did Oglethorpe found and what occupations 
did the settlers follow ? 

20. Tell about the government of Georgia. 

21. What restrictions were placed on Georgia and what 
effect did they have on the colony? 

22. Who were John Wesley and Whitefield ? 

23. How was Oglethorpe successful and how was his colony 
finally successful? 

24. Compare the population of 1700 with that of 1750. 

25. Compare the population of the Xew England colonies 
with the Southern colonies. 

26. Tell about the extension of settlements after 1790. 

27. What was the Ohio Company and what was its object? 

28. How were the English benefited by the extension of set- 
tlements westward ? 

29. Give an account of how the colonies were increasing in 
wealth and general welfare. 

30. Tell about the growth of trade and commerce during the 
first half of the eighteenth century. 

31. Tell how all the colonies at the beginning had a show 
for self government, and what was the general ])lan of all tbeir 
governments ? 

32. Tell how New York, Connecticut, and Virginia lost their 
charters and how long did this misfortune continue? 

33. What change in government imder William HI? 

34. Tell how the Assemblies increased in power as com])ared 
with the Eoyal Governors. 

35. Tell abnnt the trouble in Massachusetts over the gov- 
ernor's salary. 



HISTORY. 61 

36. What trouble took place in New York over money mat- 
ters ? 

37. Tell where the French built their settlements. 

38. Why did the Iroquois become enemies of the French? 

39. Name several early French settlements. 

40. Tell about the voyage of Marquette and Joliet. 

41. Give an account of La Salle and his settlement and 
what land did he claim for France? 

42. Tell about some important French settlements in Illinois. 

43. Give an account of the trade relations between New Or- 
leans and Fort Chartres and Cahokia. 

44. Name several early French settlements on the Mississippi. 

45. Name one important French settlement on the Wabash. 

46. What became of the French settlers at Fort Chartres, 
Kaskaskia, and Cahokia when these places fell in the hands of the 
English ? 

• 47. What led to the contest between the English and French 
in America? 

48. When was King William's war? 

49. W^hat was the cause in Europe of the war between En- 
gland and France? 

50. W^hat was the name of this war when it extended to 
America ? 

51. What did the French in Canada do and in turn what did 
the English do? 

53. What was the result of this war and where was the 
treaty of peace signed? 

53. When was Queen Anne's war? 

54. What was the cause in Europe of the war between France 
and England ? 

55. What was ttie extension of this war in America called? 

56. What did the English gain and the French lose by 
Queen Anne's war? 

57. Where was the treaty of peace signed? 

58. M^hen was King George's war? 

59. What was the cause of the war in Europe between En- 
gland and France? 

60. What was the extension of this war in America called? 

61. What were the results of this war? 

62. Where was the treaty of peace signed? 

63. Give the extent of the French claims up to 1750 and 
what were England's claims? 



62 HISTORY. 

64. Tell how the claims of the French conflicted with those 
of the English. 

tiS. Compare the English and French in i)(ii)ulation, govern- 
ment, and in preparation for war. 

(JG. AVhat ])roved to the Englisli tliat ibe French meant to 
liave war? 

()7. What was the object of the Albany Convention? 

68. Give Benjamin Franklin's ]dan for Union and re- 
sult of it. 

69. Name the thirteen original colonies and tell when, 
where, and by whom settled. 

Note. — When this month's icorl- has been gone over by the 
question method, revietv it by having pupils recite on the topics. 
If time permits, review the third month's tuorlc. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— FIFTH 

MONTH. 

1. What can be said about the peace which followed King 
George's war and when could a final peace be expected? 

2. WHiat was the fourth and last inter-colonial war and 
why was it called a French and Indian war? 

3. Why was the Ohio Company organized and what did 
the French do as soon as they saw this company was making 
plans to occupy the land which they claimed?' 

4. What message was sent by Governor Dinwiddle to the 
French commander and what was the reply? 

5. Tell how the French drove the English back and built 
Fort Duquesne. 

6. What did the legislature of Virginia plan to do and 
who was sent and what was the result? 

7. What was done by England to assist the colonists? 
<S. Give an account of Brnddock's defeat. 

9. Tell about the Seven Year's war in Europe. 

10. Between what countries was the war in America? 

11. Who assumed control of the government in England 
aliout the time war broke out? 

12. What did he do immediately to help the colonists? 

13. What was done by Generals Wolfe and Forbes? 

14. Tell about the situation of Quebec; also the hard time 
Wolfe had in trying to reach this city. 

15. Tell about the battle l:)etween Wolf and JMontcalm, and 
the last words of Wolfe. 



HISTORY. 6d 

16. Who captured Montreal and when were the French 
ready to make peace? 

17. Why was not peace made in 1760 ? 

18. Give the four provisions of the treaty of peace in 1763 
as they affected America. 

19. Wliat was the King's Proclamation of 1763? 

20. Give tlie three most important provisions regulating- 
relations with the Indians. 

31. How many colonies and what was their extent at the 
close of the French and Indian war ? 

22. What settlements did the English gain from the French 
and how did they try to build up this territory ? 

23. What were the large towns in our country about the 
time of the close of the French and Indian war? 

24. What was the total population at this time? 

25. What three forms of governments existed in the col- 
onies ? 

26. Name the colonies that held charters, those that were 
proprietary and those that were royal provinces. 

27. What about the legislative assemblies and their powers? 

28. What can be said about the town and county public 
meetings and the general rights which the colonists enjoyed, and 
how were they ready to meet any infringement on these rights? 

29. Contrast the N^cav England, Middle, and Southern Col- 
onies in industrial and social life. 

30. Who was at the head of the British ministry in 1763, 
and what kind of person Avas he ? 

31. What were the two points in King George's colonial 
policy that were sure to liring trouble, and how did he seek to 
justify this new policy? 

32. Give an account of the jSTavigation Laws of 1651, 1660, 
1672, 1694, 1732, 1750 and what can be said about the enforce- 
ment of them after 1761 ? 

33. How did the colonists evade the iS[a,vigation Laws? 

34. What were the "Writs of Assistance" and what was the 
object of them ? 

35. What effect did the "Writs of Assistance" have upon 
New England, and how did she try to rid herself of them? 

36. Tell about the valuable service rendered by James Otis. 

37. What were the Admiralty Courts? 

38. Tel] about the "Parson's Cause." 

40. What was the Stamp Act, and M^hat use was to be made 
of this stamp money? 



64 HISTORY. 

41. Why did the colonists resist the Stamp Act and upon 
what principle did they base their objections? 

•42. What services were rendered by Samuel Adams and 
Patrick Henry? 

43. Give an account of the "Sons of Liberty"; also the 
"Daughters of Liberty." 

44. Tell about the Stamp Act Congress under the following 
heads : met where, when, object, delegates, work done, lesson for 
England, repealed. 

45. What two kinds of taxes? 

46. Who was Charles Townshend and what did he do? 

47. What were the Townshend Acts and tlie object of them ? 

48. Tell about the colonial resistance to the Townshend 
Acts. 

49. Tell about the circular letter prepared by Samuel 
Adams and how did the king act in regard to it? 

50. Why was Virginia's legislature dissolved ? 

51. Tell about the Virginia Eesolves and the part taken by 
the English merchants. 

52. What were the five most iinportant principles involved 
in the struggle with the mother country ? 

53. Give the American and English views of the principles 
involved in the struggle with the mother country. 

54. Tell in full about the Boston Massacre. 

55. What were the committees of correspondence, and what 
was their duty? 

56. Give an account of the destruction of the Gaspee. 

57. Tell about the Boston Tea Party. 

58. What were the five "Intolerable Acts" ? 

59. Give an account of the Boston Port Bill. 

60. What was the Eegulation Act? 

61. What was the Administration of Justice Act and why 
did England think it was necessary? 

62. What was the Quartering Act? 

63. What was the Quebec Act and what was its object? 

64. Tell, how the "Intolerable Acts" were received in the 
colonies. 

65. Who proposed the First Continental Congress? 

66. When and at what place was the First Continental Con- 
gress held ? 

67. How many colonies were represented? 

68. Contrast the First Continental Congress w^ith the 



HISTORY. 65 

Alban}' Congress and Stamp Act Congress and Avhat does it 
show? 

69. Name five delegates to the First Continental Congress. 

70. What was the Declaration of Eights? 

71. What petitions were sent by the First Continental Con- 
gress ? 

72. Tell how the First Continental Congress provided for 
a Second. 

73. What was the "Articles of Association'^ and what was 
the object of it? 

74. Who won the French and Indian war and what land 
did she get and what about her policy of dealing with her colonies 
in America? 

15. What was done by George III. 1861, and how did the 
colonists answer this? 

76. Why did the colonies object to be taxed? 

77. What about the Stamp Act, Stamp Act Congress, 
Townshend Acts, and the Writs of Assistance^ 

78. Tell how the colonies acted after the Boston Massacre. 

79. What was plainly shown by the spirit of the First Con- 
tinental Congress? 

80. Tell how the king and British ministry looked at the 
subject. 

81. When was the Battle of Lexington and Concord? 

82. What about General Gage and the military stores at 
Concord and his plans to destroy them? 

83. What work did Paul Revere do for the colonists? 

84. Where were the British under Pitcairn met and what 
was the result? 

85. What happened at Concord, and wliat help was given 
to the British when they reached Lexing-ton? 

86. Give five results of the Battle of Lexington and Con- 
cord. 

Note. — After the pupils hawe gone owe?- this mont'tfs worJc 
by the questions, review it and have them r&cite by topics. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— SIXTH 

MONTH. 

1. Give an account of the siege of Boston and describe 
the appearance of the American Army. 

2. What bands were organized and under what leaders ? 

3. Where was Howe? 



66 HISTORY. 

4. What help did Washington receive? 

5. Where was the American Army stationed? 

6. Tell how the British opened fire on the Americans and 
what was the result the first time, the second, the third and who 
finally won? 

7. What did Battle of Bunker Hill prove to the world and 
what did Washington say about it? 

8. Who was made commander-in-chief of the Continental 
Armies, when, and why was this a good choice? 

9. Where did Washington take command of the Conti- 
nental armies and where is this elm tree? 

10. Tell how Washington made an attack on Boston, and 
the evacuation of it by the British. 

11. When did the Second Continental Congress meet and 
where ? 

12. Who was president of the Second Continental Congress? 

13. What was the first act after organization? 

14. Tell how this petition was received. 

15. Wliat did the colonists then do? 

16. Tell about the limitations of the Continental Congress 
and what was about the only thing it could do? 

17. How was the advice of the Continental Congress car- 
ried out? 

18'. To what two things did the Continental Congress tend? 

19. What can be said about the Continental Congress and 
the army it raised, and how was this army to be paid? 

20. What can be said about the Continental Congress and 
Foreign Affairs? 

21. Tell how the Continental Congress issued paper money. 

22. When the United States was in war with England what 
became of the roval governors and then how were the colonies 
governed ? 

23. AVhat was the Tory i)arty and where did this party have 
control ? 

24. What was advised by the Continental Congress May 10, 
1776 in regard to the government of the colonies, what was the 
result ? 

25. What can be said about the movement toward inde- 
pendence as late as 1775 and even at the time Washington assumed 
leadership of our armies? 

26. Tell how King George elianged this attitude and even 
hired German troops and sent them to America. 



HISTORY. • 67 

27. What three things were advised by Congress through 
John and Samuel Adams? 

28. How did New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mary- 
land and Delaware feel about independence? 

29. Tell about the resolution made June 7, 1776 by Eichard 
Henry Lee. 

30. Who wrote the declaration of independence and when 
was it accepted by Congress? 

31. Who was the first man to sign the declaration of inde- 
pendence ? 

32. Name several signers of the declaration of independence. 

33. When did the movements for the formation of a national 
constitution begin, and how do we know that the states made the 
union and not the union the states? 

34. Tell about the Provincial Congresses that were usually 
the forerunners of the state constitutions. 

35. Why did Virginia have a famous state constitution? 

36. What four provisions Avere made by each state consti- 
tution ? 

37. How long were these state governments in force before 
the Articles of Confederation came into power? 

38. Tell about the hinderances that came before the dele- 
gates before the Articles of Confederation were ready. 

39. How long was it before the state legislatures would 
approve the Articles of Confederation? 

40. What was thought of the x\rticles of Confederation from 
the start and what were its four main provisions? 

41. Why did the British under Howe plan to conquer the 
Middle Colonies and Avhy did they want control of the Hudson 
Eiver ? 

42. Who was to prevent Howe from carrying out these 
plans ? 

43. Tell how the British were going to try to carry out 
their plans and how Washington was going to stop them. 

44. Compare the two armies. 

45. Who opened the attack and why was Washington de- 
feated ? 

46. Tell how Washington escaped and where he went. 

47. What success did Howe have at Forts Washington and 
Lee ? 

48. Tell why Washington retreated to New Jersey. 

49. Tell how Lee disobeyed Washington and why? 



68 HISTORY. 

50. Wliy did Washington cross tlie Delaware into Pennsyl- 
vania and how was Cornwallis outwitted ? 

51. Tell about the march to Trenton, and the capture of the 
Hessians. 

53. Give an account of the capture of Princeton. 

53. What was the value of the victories at Trenton and 
Princeton ? 

54. Give an account of the British plans of campaign for 
1777. 

56. Who was Burgoyne and how successful was he at first? 

56. How was Burgoyne to have been assisted? 

57. What trouble did General Schuyler cause Burgoyne, and 
what other trouble did he have ? 

58. Tell how John Stark defeated the Germans at Ben- 
nington. 

59. What trouble did St. Leger have? 

60. AVhy did Howe not assist Burgoyne? 

61. Give a full account of Burgoyne's campaign and his 
surrender. 

62. What were the results of Burgoyne's surrender? 

63. Tell about Howe's campaign and how he took Phila- 
delphia. 

64. Tell about the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. 

65. What was the Conway Cabal? 

66. What coimtr}' aided us in the Eevolution ? 

67. What men were appointed to secretly secure aid from 
Europe ? 

68. Tell about the diplomacy of Franklin. 

69. Who was Beaumarchais ? 

70. How long were the French doubtful of us? 

71. Tell about the treaties we signed for France. 

72. ISTame several foreigners who gave us aid and find out 
to what country each belonged. 

73. Through France, what other c<:)untries became hostile to 
England ? 

74. Where were the British and how were they living while 
Washington's men were starving at Valley Forge? 

75. Why did Howe have to go to England and who was put 
in his place ? 

76. Why did Clinton decide to go to New York? 

77. Tell how Clinton was followed by Washington and how 
they were engaged at Monmouth. 



HISTORY. 69 

78. What was the result of the Battle of Monmouth and 
how might it have been a victory for Washington? 

79. What was the object of George Eogers Clark? 

80. Trace Clark's line of march and tell about the French 
forts he captured. 

81. Tell how Clark dealt with Hamilton. 

83. How did England get hold on the Northwest Territory? 

83. What states are included in the territory which Clark 
took from the British? 

84. Tell about the rapid growth of Ohio and Indiana. 

85. Tell about the treason of Benedict Arnold. 

86. Why did the British transfer the war to the South and 
what were their plans? 

87. Tell about the capture of Savannah. 

88. Why was Stony Point important to the British ? 

89. Tell how "Mad Anthony Wayne" took Stony Point. 

90. Give an account of Gates at Camden. 

91. Tell about the irregular war fare carried on by Marion 
and Sumter, and of what value was this Avarfare to the patriots of 
the South? 

92. Who was given command of the army under Gates? 

93. What can be said about General Greene? 

94. What work was assigned to Morgan? 

95. Who followed Morgan, where did the two generals meet, 
and who was defeated? 

96. What was done by Cornwallis, and Avith whom did Mor- 
gan unite his forces? 

' 97. Tell how Cornwallis followed Greene. 

98. To what place did Cornwallis retire? 

99. Tell how Greene marched on the British at Guilford 
Court House and the result. 

100. Where did" Cornwallis finally go and Avho was right after 
him? 

101. What aid did Cornwallis receive while he was in Wil- 
mington ? 

102. Tell about the success of Greene in South Carolina; and, 
also, at Hobkirk's Hill and Eutaw Springs. 

103. Tell about the Battle of King's Mountain. 

104. Tell about the surrender of Cormvallis at Yorktown. 

105. Tell about John Paid Jones and the service he rendered 
for America. 

106. Tell about privateering. 

107. What did the defeat of CornAvalli?. shoAV? 



70 HISTORY. 

1U8. Tell about the peace commissioners of the two countries. 

109. Where did the French governinent try to keep the 
Americans ? 

110. Who gave us claims farther west? 

111. When was the final treaty of peace signed which closed 
the Revolutionary war? 

113. Wliat noted men were sent to negatiate? 

113. What instructions had been given to the negotiators by 
Congress ? 

114. What did Jay and Adams finally decide in regard to this? 

115. What did they think Spain and France were trying to 
do and what would have been the result? 

116. What territory did France want to go to England and 
what did she want to be Indian Territory under whose control ? 

117. How did American negotiators -feel about this? 

118. Tell how Franklin apologized to the French minister and 
what did France and Spain think about the liberal terms con- 
ceded to the colonists by Great Britain? 

119. Tell about the boundaries fixed by the treaty of peace. 

120. How much land and population did America secure by 
the treaty of peace? 

121. What was said in the treaty of peace about the Missis- 
sippi River and the fishing rights along the Canadian and New- 
foundland coasts? 

122. To M^hat did America agree? 

123. How were the Tories dealt with through llio treaty of 
peace ? 

124. Give a full account of the different wavs liy which money 
was raised to carry on the war. 

125. Tell about the paper money issued by Congress during 
the war. 

126. Who were the Loyalists? 

127. How did the Loyalists feel about the war? 

128. What class of people belonged to the Loyalists? 

129. What harm was done by the Lovalists and how were 
they dealt with during the war? 

130. Tell how the Loyalists were dealt with after the war 
in the treaty of peace, and how did some of them feel about this? 

131. Why did the Loyalists take the part of England? 

132. Tell about the ISTewberg address. 

133. Tel] how Washington calmed the soldiers in regard to 
their pay. 



HISTORY. 71 

134. What small sum did Washington receive for his sef- 
vices ? 

135. When were the Articles of Confederation written? 

136. Who composed the committee which drew up the Articles 
of Confederation? 

137. When were the Articles of Union adopted by Congress 
and wliat was then done with it? 

138. When were the Articles adopted by the States? 

139. In what ways were the Articles of Confederation unsat- 
isfactory? 

140. At last what was the opinion of men of discretion? 

141. What two good things did the Articles of Confederation 
accomplish ? 

Note. — Review this month's worl- if time permits by the 
topic method of recitation. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— SEVENTH 

MONTH. 

1. Enumerate several weaknesses of tJie government under 
the Articles of Confederation. 

2. How were foreign nations beginning to treat us? 

3. What was now plain to everyone and what took the place 
of the Articles of Confederation? 

4. When was the critical period in United States history and 
why so called? 

5. Give an account of the disrespect that was shown to that 
weak form of government. 

6. Give an account of the state claims to the western lands. 

7. What states were included in the Northwest Territory? 

8. Who owned. this land according to the treaty of 1783? 

9. What land did Georgia, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, and Virginia receive and what states claimed the same 
land? 

10. Why did Virginia have a strong claim on it? 

11. What right did New York, Massachusetts, and Con- 
necticut have to this land? 

12. Why did the other states think this land belonged to no 
particular state but to all the states in common? 

13. Why did Maryland refuse to let Virginia hold all she 
claimed ? 

14. How did Congress try to settle this trouble October 10, 
1780? 



72 HISTORY. 

15. Give an aeeuuiit ol how all these states hiially gave up 
their cessions to the general government. 

IG. What were the results of these cessions? 

17. Tell how this cession of state lands helped tix the bound- 
ary of each of the states and made the vast area between the states 
and the Mississippi Eiver public property. 

18. Tell about the early settlers that had already moved into 
this territory, and how they established their claims. 

19. Tell about the policy of Congress to sell these lands and 
meet the national debt. 

20. Tell how the Ohio Company of Associates secured laud 
-for the soldiers in exchange for certificates which had been given 

to them for their services in the Revolutionary war. 

21. Who were the directors of the Ohio Company of Asso- 
ciates ? 

22. Ho-w niueli laud was received by the Ohio Company of 
Associates for the soldiers? 

23. Who was made the leader of this company and how many 
divisions were made? 

24. Tell about the early pioneers aud their settlement at 
Marietta. 

25. Who was made governor of this settlement? 

26. What grant did John Cleves Symmes receive and on 
what terms? 

26. Tell about the Xew Jersey colony that settled Cincin- 
nati. 

27. When was a provision made for a systematic system of 
survey of these lands? 

28. Tell how the land was divided into townships and what 
encouragement was given to schools? 

29. WTiat was the Ordinance of 1784 and who was the author 
of it? 

30. How many states were called for by this Ordinance, and 
what rights would be given to them? 

31. Tell about its adoption and force. 

32. Tell just what the Ordinance of 1787 was and give its 
leading provisions. 

33. What states have been formed from this Northwest Ter- 
ritory ? 

34. Why is the Ordinance of 1787 regarded as a remark- 
able piece of legislation? 

35. Tell about the different kinds of money in circulation, 
counterfeiting, and the "shearing" of money. 



HISTORY. ■ 73 

3G. What was Washington's idea about all this different 
kinds of money? 

37. What harm was done by issuing so much paper money by 
various states? 

38. Why did not the sale of this public western land bring 
in much money ? 

39. Tell about the small amount of money that came into 
the Federal Treasury and what did Madison say about it? 

40. Tell about the paper money that was issued by the state 
governments. 

41. How did Khode Island try to prevent this trouble? 

42. What was the need in regard to money? 

43. What trouble took place in Massachusetts over the dis- 
content arising from the financial situation? 

44. What class of people seemed to cause most of the 
trouble ? 

45. Tell about Shay's Eebellion and similar outbreaks. 

46. Tell about the failures made by the different states in 
regulating trade, and what was the cause of all this? 

47. Tell how Congress tried to lay a duty of 5% on all 
imports and was defeated by Ehode Island. 

48. Tell how Congress two j^ears later tried to lay a specific 
duty on all imports and was defeated by New York. 

49. What do you think about the government under the 
Articles of Confederation? 

50. What caused the frequent disputes between Maryland 
and Virginia? 

51. How did Madison recommend to settle the trouble and 
what was the report? 

52. What other states were invited to send commissioners? 

53. At last what did the Virginia legislature propose? 

54. What states sent commissioners to the Annapolis con- 
vention ? 

55. What states sent no commissioners? 

56. What was done by A4lexander Hamilton and what was 
the result? 

57. Where was the next meeting to be held and what was 
to be done with the Articles of Confederation ? 

58. How many states appointed delegates and what did Con- 
gress do? 

59. What state sent no delegate? 

60. What was done during the meeting of the Annapolis 
' convention ? 



74 HISTORY. 

61. Tell about the convention at Philadelphia, and what was 
decided to do in regard to the Articles of Confederation? 

62. Tell what prominent men were present at the Philadel- 
phia convention which was to form an entirely new constitution. 

63. What 'prominent men were not present and where were 
they? 

64. Give an account of the three principal party groups who 
were in the convention. 

65. What nickname has been given to the constitution? 

66. What were the three main questions on which there was 
a division of opinion ? 

67. Tell how the trouble in regard to representation in the 
House and Senate was compromised. 

68. Tell how the trouble over counting the slaves was com- 
promised. 

69. Tell how the trouble over the regulation of commerce 
was compromised. 

70. When was the constitution signed? 

71. How many of the members of the constitutional con- 
vention did not sign it at all, and how did many feel who had 
signed it? 

72. How many members signed it and what was then done 
with it? 

73. What about the majority of the states, and what about 
Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia? 

74. How many .states had to ratify it before it could go into 
effect? 

75. When did New^ Hampshire ratify it and what about the 
other states? 

76. What can be said about Ehode Island ? 

77. What was the nature of the constitution? 

78. Tell about the division of the powers of the government 
between the states and the national authority. 

79. Who had any right that is not prohibited by the con- 
stitution ? 

80. Tell about the independence of the exercise of the state 
rights, as being just as independent as the exercise of the national 
rights. 

81. Tell how the federal government is to exercise powers 
definitely vested in it by the constitution. 

82. Compare the departments of the constitution with the 
departments of the Articles of Confederation. 



HISTORY. 75 

83. What are the three great departments of our constita- 
tion and what is the work of each ? 

84. Give the qualifications of the president and how long 
is his term? 

85. Tell exactly how the president is elected. 

86. Enumerate several powers and duties of the president. 

87. What is meant by Congress? 

88. Of what does the Senate consist, how are the Senators 
elected and for how long? 

89. Why does the term of one-third of the senators expire 
every two years? 

90. What are the qualifications of a senator? 

91. Enumerate several powers and duties of the senators. 

92. Of what is the House of Representatives composed and 
how long is their term? 

93. Give the qualifications of a representative. 

94. Give two leading powers of the House of Eepresenta- 
tives. 

95. Name at least fifteen powers of Congress. 

96. What is meant by the Judiciary? 

97. Who created the Supreme Court, and who creates the 
lower courts? 

98. Who appoints the jndges of the lower courts and the- 
justices of the Supreme Court? 

99. How long do these judicial officers hold their offices 
and how are they removable? 

100. With what cases does the Supreme Court deal? 

101. Name several limitations placed on the Federal Govern- 
ment. 

102. Name several limitations placed on the states. 

103. Tell how amendments are made. 

104. Give. a full account of the ratification of the consti- 
tution. 

105. Give the arguments for the ratification of the consti- 
tution as Washington wrote to Patrick Henry. 

106. Give at least five arguments against the ratification of 
the constitution. 

107. What was the 'federalist" and what was the object 
of it? 



76 HISTORY. 

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY, SEVENTH YEAR— EIGHTH 

MONTH. 

i. (iive the date of Wasliiugtuu^s adiuiuistratiun. 

2. Where was the oath of othee taken i" 

3. Why was he not inaugurated March 4th? 

4. To what political party did \\ ashmgton belong and what 
party elected him? 

5. Who was elected vice president? 

(5. How many states participated in the election of 1788, 
and how many persons were voted for? 

7. How many electors were there and how many votes did 
Washington and Adams receive? 

8. Tell about Washington's trip from Mount Vernon to 
New York. 

y. (jrive the president's oath of office. 

10. Give an account of the removal of the capital from New 
York to Philadelphia, and from Philadelphia to Washington. 

11. What offices did Washington create and who did he ap- 
point to hll these offices? 

12. Tell about the financial problem confronting the new 
government. 

13. Tell about the first tariff. 

14. Who has the pc^wer to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- 
poses and excises and for what three purposes? 

15. What foreign debt did United States have at the close 
of the lievolutionary war and due what countries? 

16. What was the domestic debt and what was the state 
debt ? 

17. What was the total debt about the year 1790? 

18. Give Hamilton's financial policy. 

19. What was Hamilton's idea in regard to paying the state 
debts and why did he think Congress should assume this? 

20. Why did the assuming of the state debt lead to a lively 
debate between the Southern and Xorthern members of Congress? 

31. What other question came up at the same time? 

32. Tell about the compromise. 

33. In "what three ways was the ]>ublic debt funded? 

34. What did Hamilton think about a U. S. bank? 

25. Why did the Federalists favor the measure and the Anti- 
Federalists oppose it? 

26. How did Hamilton think he could l)ring this under the 
Constitution? 

27. Eead Article I, Section VII, Clause 18. 



HISTORY. 77 

2S. W hat did the Auti-Federalists think about stretching this 
clause ? 

29. Wlio was victorious and when was the first U. S. Bank 
chartered and for how long? 

30. Tell about the excise or internal revenue tax and give 
the object of it. 

31. Tell about the whiskey insurrection and how was this 
trouble settled and what lesson did it teach the people? 

33. When did the Federalist Party arise, wIk, were its lead- 
ers, and what measures did it favor and oppose? 

33. When did the Anti-Federalists Party arise, who were 
its leaders, and what measures did it favor and oppose, and when 
-was the only time the two parties agree? 

33. When did the Eepublican party arise and it was the out- 
growth of what party? 

34. What did the Anti-Federalists or Pepublicans think of 
Hamilton's financial policy? 

35. Tell how each party understood the Constitution. 

36. What was the difference in the views of the Eepublicans 
and Federalists in regard to the "classes" who should control "'the 
government ? 

37. What was Jefferson's idea in regard to the common 
people ? 

38. Give the different views of the Political Parties toward 
the French Eevolution. 

39. How did Washington decide the trouble? 

40. Give Washington's proclamation of neutrality. 

41. Who was Genet and how was he received on his arrival 
in America? 

42. What did Genet do for his country? 

43. How did Washington treat Genet? 

44. What complaint did England have against America and 
what was America's complaint against England? 

45. Tell about Jay's treaty. 

46. Why were the Indians aroused against the whites and who 
was sent against them and what was the result? 

47. Tell about the expedition against the Indians by St. 
Clair. 

48. Give an account of "Mad Anthony Wayne" and the 
Indians. 

49. Tell about the treaty of peace with the Indians and 
M^hat land was arained for the whites? 



78 HISTORY. 

aU. Tell about the treaty -between the United States and 
Spain and the right of de^josit at A'ew Orleans. 

51. Give an aeeount ol Washington's Jbarewell Address. 

52. Tell about the eieetion of liUO. 

53. Tell about the beginning of the eustoni not more than 
two terms for one president. 

54. Give the length of the term of John Adams. 

55. Plow did the ratihcation of Jay's treaty alfect France 
and who did Washington send as minister to succeed James 
Monroe ? 

5G. How did the Directory now in control of France treat 
Pinckney ? 

57. How did our president and Congress feel about this and 
what was done in order to prevent war? 

58. How were the lasts three men who were sent to France 
treated and what did Talleyrand do? 

51). What was the meaning of H. Y. Z. and what demand 
did they make on United States? 

(iO. What did Congress think about these demands? 

61. Tell about our preparations for war with France. 

G3. What about the trouble between the Constellation and the 
L' Insurgente? 

63. What was promised ijy Tallyraiid. and Avhat men were 
sent to France? 

64. -Tell about the treaty of peace between the United States 
and France. 

65. When were the Alien and Sedition laws passed? 

66. What were the Alien and Naturalization laws? 

67. Why did president Adams want the Alien law? 

68. What was the Sedition law. and why was president Adams 
in favor of this law? 

69. What were the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions? 

70. Tell about the presidental election of 1800. 

71. Tell about the downfall of the Federalist Party. 

72. Give the boundaries and tlie area of the United States 
as they were in 1800. 

73. Tell abovit our most important industries at that time. 

74. Give an account of our ex]iorts in 1800. 

75. What was our greatest hinderaiice to development in 
1800? 

76. With what foreign country and what islands were we 
carrvino- on trade in 1800 ? 



HISTORY. 79 

77. Tell about our population in 1800 and tell how it was 
scatterea over the United States. 

78. What were our large cities in 1800 ? 

79. Give an account of our educational system in 1800. 

80. Grive the different kinds of occupations by which people 
made a living. 

81. Give an account of the contrast between the industrial 
life of the North and South. 

Note. — After this month's work has been gone over by the 
question method, review it by having pupils recite by topics. 



GRAMMAR. 



QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FIRST MONTH. 

1, Define a sentence and as to meaning how are sentences 
classilied 'i 

2. Define declarative sentence and give an example. 
. 3. How should every declarative sentence close? 

4. Define interrogative sentence and give an example. 

5. Define imperative sentence and give an example. 

6. Bring Exercise I on classification of sentences to the 
■class. 

7. Define affirmative and negative sentences, and give five 
examples of each. 

8. What can be said about the double negative? 

9. Give two sentences each containing a double negative; 
restate the sentence and omit one of the negatives. 

10. Name eight negatives. 

11. Write out Exercise 11 and bring it to the class. 

12. Distinguish between a subject of fli ought and the subject 
of thouglit. 

13. Give an example of a subject of thought and use it as 
the subject of thought. 

14. Bring Exercise III written to the class. 

15. Define subject, predicate, and copula ; give a sentence and 
underline these three essentials. 

16. What are these words called wldch names the subjects 
of thought? Give examples. 

17. What are these words called which assert? Give ex- 
amples. 

18. Name several pronouns which can be used as the subject 
of thought and write them in sentences. 

19. What is meant by the complete subject? 

20. Give a sentence and underline the complete subject. 

21. AVhat is meant by the complete predicate? 

22. Give a sentence and underline the complete predicate. 

23. What do you imderstand by "an inverted sentence? 
Give an example. 

24. How can we find the subject in an inverted sentence? 
Give an example. 



GRAMMAR. 81 

2o. How can we find the subject in interrogative sentences? 
Give an example. 

26. Bring Exercise IV written to the class. 

37. What are the two parts every sentence must contain? 

38. How does a clause differ from a sentence? 

39. Give ten clauses and form each clause into a sentence. 

30. Define phrase and name ten phrases. 

31. Work out Exercise V and VI. 

33. What can be said about the misuse of lie^ sit, and rise? 

33. Define lie, sit, and rise, and tell to what part of speech 
they belong. 

34. Give the principal parts of lie, sit, and rise, and what is 
meant by the principal parts of verbs? 

35. Use the principal parts of lie, sit, and rise correctly in 
sentences. 

36. Write out Exercise VII. 

37. When do we use "may" and "can?" 

38. Use "may" and "can" iu sentences. 

39. Fill the blanks in Exercise VIII and bring them to the 
class. 

40. What can be said about the distinct enunciation of final 
"d," "t's" and "g's" and the correct pronunciation of short vowels ? 

41. Pronounce the words correctly in Exercise IX. 
43. What can be said about the double negative? 

43. Correct the sentences in Exercise X. 

44. When should "like" be used? Give examples. 

45. What form of pronoun should be used after "like" in 
phrases? Give examples. 

46. What can be said about the use of "like" as a clause in- 
troduction? Give examples. 

47. Check out the incorrect word in Exercise XL 

48. Be able to write the twenty-two rules for the formation 
of plurals and give examples for each rule (make two lessons of 
this). 

51. How is the plural possessive of nouns formed? Give 
examples. 

53. Bring Exercise XII written to the cla?s. 

53. Name the possessive forms of pronouns. 

54. What mistake is often made in writing the possessive 
of pronouns? 

55. Bring Exercise XIV written to the class. 

56. Name several phrases that might be mistaken for sen- 
tences and several clauses that mio;lit be mistaken for sentences. 



82 GRAMMAR. 

57. Bring Exercise X\' written to the class. 

58. \\'liat is a '"run-on" sentence? Give examples. 

5'J. Correct the "run-on" sentences which you have written. 

GU. Some member ol tiie class is to go to the board and put 
on a theme on the subject, "How 1 happened to be late at school," 
The classmates and teacher will help you find the "run-on" sen- 
tences. 

61. What can be said aljout the right hand margin of your 
composition ? 

62. Where only are words at the end of a line to be divided? 
Give examples. 

63. Divide the list of words under this rule into syllables. 

64. What is the special aim of this month's composition ? 

65. Upon what does success in composition depend? 

G6. Explain what is meant by a "large subject" and a "small 
subject." 

67. Give some points about "sticking to the point" in com- 
position. 

68. What is meant by "clear order" in composition? Give 
examples. 

69. What details should be given in composition? 

70. What is meant by "freedom" in composition? 

71. Explain what is meant by "sincerity" in composition. 

72. When do we use narration in composition? 

73. What is included under the term "narratives"? 

74. What is an annecdote? 

75. What do "personal experiences" include and what ones 
are worth telling? 

76. What can be said about reproducing stories? 

77. Write a composition on one of the subjects given in 
your grammar under personal experiences ; write on one side of 
the paper only ; be careful about your margin — ^liave at least one 
inch on the left hand and at least one-half inch on right hand 
and keep the right hand margin straight. Indent the first line 
about half an inch from the margin line; fold your composition 
the long way of the paper ; write your name on the outside after 
the paper is foldad. Hand it to your teacher for correction. After 
it has been corrected, rewrite it, and hand it back to the teacher 
for safe keeping. Be clean and neat with your paper. Eemember : 
"Neatness charms." 

78. Procure a copy of "How they brought the good news 
from Aix to Ghent." Eead it. Eeproduce it from a new point 
of view. 



GRAMMAR. 83 

79. Choose at least one of the subjects under Exercise XVII 
and reproduce it from a new point of view. 

80. What is really the most practical kind of composition 
and when do we use this? 

81. Choose one of the subjects given in your grammar undei' 
"explanation" and write on it. 

82. What is exposition and when do we use this form of 
composition ? 

83. Write an exposition. 

84. Give some points about a friendly letter, study the model 
in your grammar, then Avrite a friendly letter. Make an envelope 
for it and address it. Hand this to jouv teacher for correction. 

85. Give seven points for the teacher to watch when she 
grades a composition paper. 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SECOND MONTH. 

1. W'hat is meant by the bare subject or the subject sub- 
stantive ? 

2. Give example of sentences and explain what is meant 
by "bare subject." 

3. Write out Exercise I and bring to the class. Count 
your mistakes. 

4. What two elements are essential to every predicate? 

5. Define predicate attribute and copula, give a sentence 
to show this. 

6. What can be said about the copula and attribute being 
united in one verb ? Give an example. 

7. What do we mean by the complete predicate and the 
bare predicate? 

8. Give a sentence and show Avhat is meant by the com- 
]51ete predicate and bare predicate. 

9. Write out Exercise II and bring to the class. Count 
your mistakes. 

10. Tell about the forms of the copula" and give examples. 

11. Name the essential elements of every sentence. 

• 12. Name at least eight different ideas expressed by predi- 
cate attributes. ITse the predicate attributes in sentences. 

13. Write out Exericse III and bring to the class. 

14. Work out Exercise IV. 

15. What can be said about the difficulty of finding the 
essential elements of a sentence, when the sentence begins with 



84 GRAMMAR. 

"There is" or '"Tliej'u are," and what shoukl be done with such 
sentences ? 

16. Name five common verbs which are often misused. 

17. Give the principal parts of set, raise, lay, ring, and 
sing. 

18. What does "set" mean? 

19. What does "raise" mean? 

20. What does "lay" mean? 

21. Write the sentences called for in Exercise V. 

22. When should we use "There are" and "There is"? 

23. Fill the blanks in Exercise VI and bring them to the 
class for correction. 

24. Work out Exercise VII. 

25. Tell how we often mispronounce "copula" and "ath- 
letics"; also name other words which are commonly mispro- 
nounced. 

26. Eeview all the rules for the formation of plurals as 
given in the first month's work. 

27. Write the plurals of the words given in Exercise VIII. 

28. What is the "run-on" sentence? 

29. Correct the sentences given in Exercise IX. 

30. Spell the possessive plurals of boy, girl, lady, James, 
child, enemy, sister-in-law, father, uncle, brother, tornado, glass, 
story, glory, whiff, sash. 

31. What point was emphasized in composition during the 
first month? 

32. Why should we use a small subject? 

33. What details should be used in our composition? 

34. Read the composition "How I Caught My First Fish" 
and notice that it is a short theme and contains definite sug- 
gestive details. 

35. We are to study narratives this month. Use one of the 
subjects suggested and write a composition on it. 

36. Explanation is to occupy part of this month's composi- 
tion and it is of great practical importance. 

37. Why are proverbs valuable? 

38. A list of proverbs are given in your grammar; use at 
least two of them and write an explanation of them. Notice the 
model given in your grammar on "A Eolling Stone Gathers no 
Moss." 

39. Work out Exercise X. 

40. What is meant by descriptive composition? 



GRAMMAR. 85 

■il. Xame some subjects which boys and girls might like to 
write about for descriptive composition. 

42. Eead the short description given in your grammar. 
J^otice that there is a good deal of motion to it. 

43. Work out Exercise XI. 

44. Xame the eight parts of a business letter and what does 
each part include ? 

4-5. Xame ten rules to be observed in writing business let- 
ters. 

46. Xotice the model business letter in your grammar, be 
careful to notice the punctuation. 

47. What about closing a letter with "Yours," "Cordially 
yours," '^'Fraternally yours," and "Eespectfully yours"? 

48. What can be said about omitting the subject pronouns 
in the body of a composition? 

49. What can be said about illegible signature, and about a 
person's signature not always being the same? 

50. Write two or more of the business letters in Exercise 
XII ; hand them to your teacher for correction. 

XoTE. — lliis month's worh is very brief, therefore, you will 
ha^e time to review the questions on the first month's worh. 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
THIRD MONTH. 

1. Define noun and give examples. 

3. What other name besides predicate attribute when the 
noun is so used? 

3. Write a sentence containing a noun as the subject and a 
noun used as the predicate attribute. 

4. W^rite out Exercise I and bring it to the class, exchange 
papers with your class mates, and deduct one per cent for each 
error or omission. 

5. What are the two general classes of nouns? 

6. Define common and proper nouns and give examples of 
each. 

7. Work out Exercise II on paper; exchange with your 
class mates, and deduct two per cent for each error or omission. 

8. What is the general rule in regard to writing proper 
nouns ? 

9. Give ten rules for the use of capital letters. 

10. Write out Exercises III and IV. 

11. Define and illustrate singular and plural number. 



86 GRAMMAR. 

12. Give ten rules with illustrations in regard to formation 
of plurals. 

13. Write out Exercise V. 

14. Write out Exercise VI. 

15. What is a collective noun and give examples. 

IC. When is a collective noun singular and when plural? 

17. What are the three leading classes of common nouns? 

18. Define abstract nouns and give examples. 

19. Define verbal nouns and give examples. 

20. Select the collective, abstract, and verbal nouns in Exer- 
cise VII. If you find any nouns in this exercise that do not come 
under these three classes, call them class nouns. 

21. Work out Exercise VIII. 

22. Define pronoun and give examples. 

23. What is a personal pronoun and give examples? 

24. What is an interrogative pronoun and give examples? 

25. What are the indefinite pronouns and give examples? 

26. Write out Exercise IX. 

27. In what two ways can the pronoun be used? 

28. Give a sentence which contains a pronoun used as the 
subject; a sentence where the pronoun is used as the predicate 
attribute. 

29. Write out Exercise X. 

30. When is a noun or pronoun in the nominative case? 
Give examples. 

31. Xame all the nominative forms of pronouns. 

32. Define gender. 

33. Name, define, and give examples of the four genders. 

34. Tell about the need of the pronoun "lie" and give exam- 
ples of this need. 

35. Define number, singular and plural. Give examples. 

36. Decline all the simple personal pronouns. 

37. Name some pronouns that are always singular and some 
that are always plural. 

38. Explain the agreement of a pronoun. 

39. Write out Exercise XI. 

40. Correct the friendly letter in your grammar. 

41. Spell the plurals given in your grammar. 

42. Fill the blanks with nominative case forms of pronouns. 

43. What do we do if an indefinite pronoun is used as an 
antecedent— that is — in regard to the gender, person and number ? 

44. Write out Exercise XII. 



GRAMMAR. 87 

45. Tell about the wrong pronoun form for the subject and 
predicate attribute. 

46. Give ,the order of courtes}- in a compound subject. 

47. Write out exercise XIII. 

48. What is mean by a redundant subject? 

49. Write sentences containing a redundant subject. Cor- 
rect the sentences you have written. 

50. What does the State Course of Study say in regard to 
a pronoun and its antecedent? 

51. Fill the blanks in Exercise XIV. 

52. Choose the correct form of the pronoun in Exercise XV. 

53. Eeview carefully the rules for the capitalization of 
nouns. 

54. What about the writing of names of companies, political 
parties, and religious denominations? 

55. How should we unite subjects of study, names of dis- 
eases, names of seasons, names of directions, and particular parts 
of our country? 

56. Write out Exercise XVI. 

57. Eeview carefully the rules for spelling plurals. 

58. Write the plurals of the nouns in Exercise XVII. 

59. Write the plurals for the nouns in Exercise XVIII. 

60. Learn the plurals of the following words : axis, analysis, 
alumnus, beau, focus, cherub, gymnasium, stamen, datum, dia- 
eresis, ellipsis, larva, madam, monsieur, parenthesis, phenomenon, 
radius, vertebra, formula, vertex. 

61. How is formal dialogue written? 

62. Examine closely the example in your grammar of a 
formal dialogue between a doctor and his patient. 

63. In what other style can a dialogue be written? 

• 64. How should a quotation begin and how should it be 
punctuated ? 

65. How should a conversation be paragraphed? 

66. Write out Exercise XIX. 

67. What are the two kinds of questions and how are they 
punctuated ? 

68. Write out Exercise XX. 

69. Tell hew the word of address should be punctuated. 

70. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise XXI. 

71. What work will be taken up in composition during the 
third month ? 

72. What is the aim this month ? 



88 GRAMMAR. 

73. Notice the punctuation and paragraphing of the theme, 
"A Street Car Conductor and a Foreigner.'' 

74. Select one of the subjects under Exeroise XXII and 
write a conversation. Have your teacher correct it. 

75. Tell how we can make descriptive composition inter- 
esting. 

76. Notice the description of the "House of Van Tassal"; 
also the description of a person. 

77. Choose one of the subjects in your grammar for effective 
description and write about it. 

78. Define dialog-ue, and tell how it can be either dramatic 
. or narrative. 

7 9. Read the dialogue "A Dentist and His Patient." Notice 
the paragraphing and the punctuation. 

SO. Write a dialogue or conversation from one of the sub- 
jects in Exercise XXIII. 

81. What is exposition and when do we use this form of 
discourse ? 

83. Write an exposition on one of the subjects given under 
Exercise XXIV. 

83. Give several points to be observed in writing a friendly 
letter. 

84. Give different forms of salutation for a friendly letter. 

85. How is the word "dear" to be written? 

80. Give different forms of closing phrases for a friendly 
letter. 

87. What about writing the signature to a friendly letter? 

88. What about omitting the pronoun subjects in the body 
of the letter? 

89. What about excuses and apologies and worn out expres- 
sions ? 

90. Tell about the end punctuation of the parts of a letter. 

91. Write a social letter and be very careful about punctua- 
tion and indentation and margin. Fold your letter, put it in an 
envelope and address it. 

93. Write out Exercise XXV. 

93. Tell how the formal note should be written. 

94. Write an invitation in the third person, also a reply 
accepting and a reply declining. 



GRAMMAR. 89 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FOURTH MONTH. 

1. What is a verb and what about the copula especially 
when it is more than one word? 

2. Define the copulative and attributive verb and give exam- 
ples. 

3. What ideas may the copula express and write sentences 
to illustrate. 

4. Write out Exercise I, bring it to class to exchange with 
your classmates. Deduct five per cent for each error. ' 

5. Write five sentences to show the verb used merely as 
a copula. 

6. Wjite five sentences to show that the verb contains both 
the copula and predicate attribute. 

7. Write five sentences to show that the verb shows present 
time and five to show that it expresses past time, 

8. How is future time expressed? 

9. Name twenty-three troublesome verbs and give their 
past tense. 

10. Work out Exercise III. 

11. Show that a verb must ag-ree with its subject also that 
a plural subject requires a plural verb. Illustrate. 

12. Show that two or more subjects connected by or or nor 
when they differ in person and number? Illustrate. 

14. What form of the verb is used when two or more sub- 
jects are connected by midf Illustrate. 

15. When is a singular verb used with two or more subjects 
connected by andf Illustrate. 

16. What form of the verb is used when it precedes a number 
of subjects connected by andtf Illustrate. 

17. What form of the verb is used if two or more subjects 
are connected by as well as, also, and too? Illustrate. 

18. What form of the verb is used is the subject is singular 
and then followed by a modifier containing a noun or pronoun in 
the plural ? Illustrate. 

19. What form of verb is used with collective nouns? 

20. How is the present tense, third person singular formed? 
Grive example of this. 

21. What can be said about the verb '^e"? Give examples. 

22. Write out Exercise TV. 

23. When should "don't'^ be used and when should doesn't? 
Give examples. 



90 GRAMMAR. 

24. Write in sentences as copulative verbs : look, taste, 
become, feel, grow, appear and smell. 

35. Write in sentences as attributive verbs : look, taste, 
become, feel, grow, appear, and smell. 

26. Write out Exercise V. 

27. Eeview the troublesome verbs and to the list add such 
as plead, prove. 

28. Learn the past tense of the verbs in Exercise VI. 

29. What can be said about sentences beginning with 
There is and There are? 

30. Write out Exercise YII and VIII. 

31. What can be said about the agreement of the verb with 
the substantives, eveiybody, anybod}^ nobody, none, one, anyone, 
everyone, each, every, somebody? 

32. Write out Exercise IX. 

33. What can be said about "Habits of Speech"? 

34. Cboose the correct form of the verb in Exercise X. 

35. What can be said about the mistakes that are made in 
the simple present and past tense forms? Illustrate. 

36. Bring Exercise XI to the class. 

37. Explain clearly how a divided quotation should be 
punctuated and illustrate. 

38. What about the use of the capital letter in the second 
half of the divided quotation? Illustrate. 

39. Suppose the second half of the divided quotation begins 
Avith a new sentence. Illustrate. 

40. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise XII. 

41. Tell how to spell the present tense, third person, sin- 
gular forms of verbes ending in "v." Give examples of this. 

42. What about a few common verbs ending in "y" pre- 
ceded by a vowel? Illustrate. 

43. Make sentences as called for in Exercise XIII. 

44. Tell about interest in composition through suggestive 
openings. 

45. Give a number of beginnings as suggested by the State 
Course of Study. 

46. Write a story as" suggested in Exercise XIV. 

47. Tell about narratives of personal experiences, and write 
about one of the subjects suggested. 

48. Complete the story for each of the three beginnings as 
suggested in your grammar. Hand them to your teacher for 
correction. 



GRAMMAR. 91 

49. Eead the naiTative dialogue between "Jack and a 
Prospective Tenant." 

50. Write a narrative dialogue as. suggested in Exercise XVI. 

51. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise XVII. 

52. Write a letter of application. 

53. Write at least two letters as suggested in Exercise 
XVIII. 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FIFTH MONTH. 

1. Explain transitive action and illustrate with sentences. 

2. Write sentences showing that ideas of possession, lack, 
need, and obligation are transitive. 

3. What are the classes of attributive verbs? Illustrate. 

4. What is the only class of copulative verbs? Illustrate. 

5. Write out Exercise I. 

6. Tell about the essential elements of sentences, and show 
how all sentences have three parts and some four and five parts. 

7. Write out Exercise 11. 

8. Explain the Indirect object and work out Exercises III 
and IV. . 

9. Name several pronouns which are in the objective case. 

10. Select the coiTect form of the pronouns in Exercise V. 

11. Explain the predicate attribute of the object and illus- 
trate. 

12. Write out Exercise VI, VII and VIII. 

13. Write sentences containing the intransitive verbs lie, sit, 
and rise, and the transitive verbs lay, set, and raise. 

14. Explain how the following sentences are transitive. 1. 
The floor was laid by the carpenter. 2. The stake was set by the- 
man. 

15. Name a list of troublesome verbs and give their prin- 
cipal parts. 

16. Write out Exercise IX. 

17. Choose the correct form of the verb in Exercise X 
and XI. 

18. What does 'Tiabit of speech" mean? 

19. Write out Exercise XII. 

20. Draw a line through the incorrect case form of the 
pronoun used in the twenty sentences given in your grammar. 

21. Tell how we should eliminate the nominative case of 



92 GRAMMAR. 

pronoims when we should use the objective case. Show by giving 
sentences. 

22. Write out Exercises XIII and XIV. 

23. Tell how we often mispronounce words through care- 
lessness. 

24. Do the work required in Exercise XV. 

25. What is the aim to be worked for in the fifth month's 
composition and how is this brought about? 

26. Write out Exercise XVI. 

27. What kinds of compositions will be studied this month? 

28. Eead the examples which are given in regard to a de- 
scription of a person, description of a man and animal. 

29. What causes much of our dialogue and conversation to 
become dull and how can this be remedied? 

30. Give a list of substitutes that can be used instead of 
"said he" 

31. Eead the conversation on "A Picture Show." 

32. Write a conversation on one of the subjects mentioned 
in Exercise XVII. 

33. Use a magazine story as suggested in Exercise XVIII. 

34. What causes friendly letters to be interesting and how 
can we add to this interest? 

35. Write at least three of the friendly letters suggested in 
your grammar. 

36. Write the letter as suggested in Exercise XIX. 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SIXTH MONTH. 

1. Explain the difference between verb and verbal. 

2. What are the three different classes of verbals? 

3. Define participle and explain how it is part verb and 
part adjective. 

4. Define infinitive and explain how it is part verb and 
part noun. 

5. Define gerund. 

6. What is a verb phrase? 

7. Select the verb phrases in Exercise I. 

8. What tense forms of the verb are always used as verbs 
and what ones used as parts of the verb phrase? 

9. Name several troublesome verbals from the troublesome 
verbs. Give examples of how these help to make up verb phrases. 



GRAMMAR. 93 

10. Write sentences as suggested by Exercise II. 

11. For verb phrase by using the following verbals from the 
following verbs : lie, rise, sit, see, and do. 

13. What are the four classes of verb phrases? 

13. Define copulative, attributive, transitive, and intransi- 
tive verb phrases. Illustrate each with a sentence. 

14. Work out Exercise III and bring to the class for cor- 
rection. 

15. Of what is the verb phrase composed? Illustrate. 

16. Explain verbals as far as they enter into the composi- 
tion of a verb phrase. 

17. Work out Exercises IV and V. 

18. Work out Exercise VI. 

19. What is meant by the principal parts of verbs? 

20. Give the principal parts of the verbs in Exercise VII. - 

21. What is meant by strong and weak conjugation? 

22. Give the principal parts of lie, sit, and rise and how 
can you tell that they are verbs of the old conjugation? 

23. How do we analyze sentences? 

24. What must be given under classification and what under 
essential elements? 

25. Analyze the sentences under Exercise IX and use the 
model given in your grammar as closely as possible. 

26. Parse the nouns, pronouns, and verbs under Exercise 
X according to the model in your grammar. 

27. What can be said about the mistakes made in the use of 
verbs? Give examples. 

28. Give the principal parts of the troublesome verbs listed 
in your grammar, and also name some verbs of the new conjuga- 
tion that also give trouble. 

29. Write out Exercises XI and XII and XIII. 

30. What can be said about "Habits of Speech" in this 
month's grammar? 

31. Write out Exercise XIV. 

32. Tell about the correct use of "has" and "have" in verb 
phrases. 

33. Write the sentences as suggested in Exercise XV. 

34. Give the rule for spelling the past tense and past par- 
ticiples of verbs. 

35. Tell how to spell the gerund forms. 

36. Work out Exercise XVI. 

37. Tell how to form the past tense and past participles 
of verbs ending in cvy. 



94 GRAMMAR. 

38. Write out Exercise XVII. 

39. What is the aim of this month's composition work? 

40. Why is much of our writing not clear, and give sen- 
tences to explain what is meant by this? 

41. Do the work required in Exercise XVIII. 

42. Tell how we can secure clearness in the use of hring^ 
take, come, go, hreak, and burst. 

43. Work out Exercise XIX. 

44. What kind of composition is to be taken up this month? 

45. What can be said about clearness in explanation? 

46. Write out Exercise XX. 

47. Eead the analysis of the sentence given. Is it clear 
to you? 

48. Do the work required in Exercise XXI. 

49. What can be said about incidents bringing in the words 
bring, take, come, go, break, and burst? 

50. Do the work required in Exercise XXII. 

51. Tell about business letters with special reference to 
clearness. 

52. Write at least two of the letters required in Exercise 
XXII. 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SEVENTH MONTH. 

1. What are the three time periods? 

2. How is the present verb phrase made and for what pur- 
pose is it used? 

3. W>ite a list of present verb phrases. 

4. How is the past verb phrase made and for what purpose 
is it used? 

5. Write a list of past verb phrases. 

6. How is the future verb phrase made and for what pur- 
pose is it used? 

7. Show by a sentence how long ago the present tense was 
made to show future time. 

8. Write a list of future verb phrases. 

9. What are the only two subjects to be used with shall 
when we want to express nothing more than future time? 

10. Show how there are only three periods of time and how 
there are really six tenses. 

11. What is another name for the present verb phrase, also 
another name for the past verb phrase? 



GRAMMAR. i)5 

12. Tell liow the future perfect- phrase is made. 

13. Tell about the accurate use of the past perfect tense. 

14. Write out Exercise I. 

15. When is the future tense used mainly? 

16. What subjects should be used with '"shall" to express 
future time? Give examples. 

17. How can the future tense and the idea of promise both 
be expressed in the future phrase? 

18. How is determination expressed? 

19. Work out Exercise II. 

30. Conjugate "see" in the indicative mode through the six 
tenses. 

21. Take two days and conjugate all the verbs in Exer- 
cise III. 

22. Eead the special drills on troublesome verb forms. 

23. Write out the work called for in Exercise IV. 

24. When is the past perfect tense used? 

25. Give at least ten sentences each one containing a past 
perfect tense form. 

26. Write out Exercise Y. 

27. What idea are we trying to express when we use "I shall'" 
and "we shall?" Illustrate. 

28. Do the work required in Exercise VI. 

29. Do the work as required under the heading "Analysis 
of Sentences." 

30. Do the work as required under the heading "Parsing." 

31. When must we use "shall" with I and we? Illustrate. 

32. When must we use "will" with I and toe ? Illustrate. 

33. Write out the work required under Exercise VII. 

34. Give four common crude expressions and correct them. 

35. Give fifteen common contractions. 

36. What about the use of aint and Jiaint? 

37. What is the special aim of the composition for thia 
month ? 

38. Make the changes suggested in Exercise X. 

39. What kinds of composition are to be done this month? 

40. Write a story on the subject "Playing Tramp" and a 
conversation on the su.bject "The minister gets angry." 

41. Write out Exercise XII. 

42. What are the points to be watched in the Friendly Let- 
ters for this month's work? 

43. Write out Exercise XIII and XIV. 



96 GRAMMAR. 

QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- 
EIGHTH MONTH. 

1. Deline a eonipuund sentence. Write live. 

2. What are co-ordinate conjunctions? Name tlie leading 
ones. 

3. Wlien sliould and and but be used as connectives? 

4. When sliouid for and or be used? 

5. When should either and neither be used? 

6. W'hat about the use of and when but should be used? 

7. Exj^lain what is meant by the unity of compound sen- 
tences, (jrive examples of misuse, and correct them. 

8. What does "compound elements mean? 

1). What is a compound subject? Give three examples. 

lU. What is a compound predicate? (jiive three examples. 

11. Give examples of a compound attribute. 

12. Give examples of a sentence containing a compound 
object. 

13. Give a sentence with a coni}>()uiid subject, a compound 
predicate, and a compound object. 

14. What is a series? Give examples. 

15. Show by a sentence that a subject may be a series. 

16. Show by a sentence that a predicate may be a series. 

17. Show by a sentence that an object may be a series. 

18. Show by a sentence that a predicate attribute may be a 
series. 

19. Tell how to write a good compound sentence and give 
an example of a good compound sentence. 

20. Write ten good compound sentences. 

21. Tell how we should pr'operly use and and but. 

22. Tell how a series should be punctuated. 

23. Write out Exercise III. 

24. Select ten sentences from your composition this month 
and analyze them. 

25. Give an account of the parsing that can be done this 
month. 

26. Write out Exercise IV. 

27. Give the order of pronouns in compound subjects and 
objects. 

28. Write out Exercises V and VI. 

29. What about the expression ''^or either'^ instead of "or 
else"? Give examples. 



GRAMMAR. 97 

30. How are "one another" and "'each other" often misused? 
Give examples. 

31. Write out Exercise VII, 

32. Tell how two or more independent statements should be 
joined. G-ive examples. 

33. How should members of the compound sentence if the 
members are long be separated? Give examples. 

34. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise VIII. 

35. Tell about the comma in the series, and give examples 
of its use. 

36. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise IX. 

37. What is the special aim of the composition for this 
month ? 

38. Do the work required in Exercise X. 

39. What does "guess" mean? Give an example. 

40. What does "expect" mean? Give an example. 

41. What does "think" mean? Give an example. 

42. What does "stop" and "stay" mean? Give examples. 

43. What does "a party" mean? Give examples. 

44. Write out Exercise XI. 

45. Write about at least two of the subjects mentioned under 
"Tests for Explanation." 

46. Write about at least two of the subjects mentioned under 
"Test Themes in Friendly Letters." 

47. Write about at least two of the "Test Themes in Busi- 
ness Letters." 

■ 48. Select ten sentences from the themes you have written 
this month and analyze them. 

49. Give an example of how a theme on "Explanation" might 
be outlined before you begin to write. 

50. Give an example of how a story should be outlined before 
you begin to write. 



AGRICULTURE. 



QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FIRST MONTH. 

1. How should we begin the study of our agriculture for 
the Seventh Year? 

2. Give the number of farms in your neighborhood and the 
name of the owner of each. 

3. How many acres are owaied by each farmer in your 
neighborhood ? 

■1. How many kinds of farming are there? 

5. When is a farmer a grain farmer, a stock farmer, and 
when a combination farmer? 

6. Make a list of the names of the farmers in your neigh- 
borhood who are grain farmers, a list of those who are stock 
farmers, and a list of those who are combination farmers. 

7. What per cent of all the farmers of your neighborhood 
are grain farmers, what jser cent are stock farmers, and what per 
cent are combination farmers? 

S. Prei)are a table as suggested in your agriculture showing 
the names of the men of your community engaged in the different 
kinds of farming. 

9. Where in Illinois is the corn belt? 

10. What other grain products are extensively grown? 

11. Why is wheat an important crop during this war period, 
and why are the grain crops of Southern Illinois much less than 
those in the ISTorthern part? 

12. Name other crops besides corn, oats, and wheat grown in 
Illinois. 

13. Make a list of the various crops raised and the number 
of bushels of each kind raised by your neighbor farmer. 

14. Tell how to estimate the value of the crops in your 
community. 

15. Notice in your agriculture book the prices paid for wheat, 
corn and oats in August in the Chicago markets. Compare them 
with the September prices. 

16. Eeport the number of bushels of wheat, oats, and corn 
that your father has produced during the past year. From these 
reports get the totals for your community. Multiply the total 
for each kind of crop by the current price. 



AGRICULTURE. 99 

17. Estimate the value of hay in your community by multi- 
plying the approximate number of tons by the current price per 
ton. Eecord your work according to the chart given in. your agri- 
culture book. 

18. What is said in your agriculture book about the variation 
in the prices of stock? 

19. Estimate the number of hogs, cattle, and sheep in your 
neighborhood. Each pupil can report for his individual family, 
and these individual reports may be added for totals. When you 
have secured the totals, get the current prices and multiply to 
find the value of the live stock in your neighborhood. Notice 
the form given in your agriculture book. 

20. Name other industries besides farming that might be 
carried on in your neighborhood. 

21. Suppose coal mining is carried on in your neighborhood 
— it will be interesting to find out how many men the mine em- 
ploys and what is the daily and monthly output. 

22. What price does your father pay for coal? 

23. With what kinds of coal and what grades are you 
familiar ? 

24. It may be that there is a canning factory near you. If 
so, find out what you can about this industry and report to your 
class. 

25. It may be that dairying is a leading industry in your 
neighborhood. If so, where is the nearest creamery? 

26. How many men are employed in this creamery? 

27. It may be that men in your neighborhood are engaged in 
trading. For example, own an elevator on the nearest railroad 
through the country. What advantage does this offer the farmer 
and is this kind of work essential? 

28. Perhaps there are people in your Jieighborhood engaged 
in the oil industry. If so report on this. 

29. Eeport on the work of the traveling salesmen if any 
persons in your neighborhood makes his living that way. 

30. Upon what does successful gardening depend? 

31. What is said about a large space for a garden? 

32. What about a shaded and low place for a garden? 

33. After you have chosen the spot, how should the ground 
be fertilized? 

34. Why is early planting the best? 

35. Tell how to make the beds and how to plant the seeds. 

36. What about the planting of lettuce and radishes and the 
repetition ? 



100 AGRICULTURE. 

37. What can be said about the planting of onions and 
tomatoes and what about the early tomatoes? 

38. Name a list of the vegetables generally grown in the 
garden. Which of these are you growing in your garden at home ? 

39. What is said about the value of a hot bed, and how is a 
hot bed made? 

40. Make a list of the vegetables you have grown in your 
garden this year, opposite the name, place the quantity produced. 
If you have made a large garden, set down the amount sold. Use 
the table as suggested in your agriculture. 

41. jSTame vegetables that can be stored for the winter with- 
out canning. Name others that must be canned. 

42. What are the two methods of canning? 

43. What method of canning is done in your home? De- 
scribe how it is done. 

44. Make a table as suggested in your agriculture and fill it 
in as is shown. 

45. What are the classes of vegetables? 

46. Give examples of the "bulb" crops of vegetables. 

47. Give examples of the "root" type of vegetables. 

48. Give examples of the "tubers." 

49. Give examples of the buckwheat family of vegetables. 

50. Give examples of the cabbage and clover families of 
vegetables. 

51. Give examples of the fungi family of vegetables. 

52. Give examples of the goosefoot family and the grass 
family of vegetables. 

53. Give examples of the lily family and the mint families 
of vegetables. 

54. Give examples of the morning glory and the parsnip 
families of vegetables. 

55. Give examples of the potato family of vegetables. 

56. Give examples of the sunflower and gourd families of 
vegetables. 

57. What is another name for the flowering plants and why 
should this be interesting to us? 

58. Bring a specimen of common flowers to school ; notice 
that the flower buds appear at the end of the stem or in the axis 
of the leaves. 

59. Explain what is meant by raceme in flowers? Give ex- 
amples. 

60. Explain peduncle, pedicels, bracts, corymb. Give ex- 
amples of corymb. 



AGRICULTURE. 101 

61. What is an umbel? Give examples. 

62. What is meant by the spike flower? Grive examples. 

63. What are composites? Give common examples. 

64. What is meant by the ray liowers and the tubular disc 
flowers of the composites? 

65. What is a compound flower Chester and what is the 
technical name for this? 

66. Give an example of a compound fJower cluster. 

67. If possible, bring to the class the straw and heads of 
some oats for illustrations of the panicle or compound flower. 

68. Be sure to do the work required in Exercise III of your 
agriculture. 

69. Of how many circles of organs do most flowers consist 
and what are their names? 

70. What are the sepals of the flower and what is their use 
to the flower? 

71. What is the calyx? 

72. What are the petals and what is the corolla? 

73. What are the stamens and pistils? 

74. What is the importance of the knob on the tip of the 
stamens ? 

76. What part of the flower contains the rudimentary seeds ? 

76. What are perfect flowers? Give examples. 

77. Do the work required in Exercise IV. 

78. Name the leading cultivated flovi^ers and the leading 
wild flowers. 

79. Make a list of cultivated flowers that you find in your 
neighborhood; tell all you can of the type of flowers they bear. 

80. Make a list of all the wild flowers to be found in your 
locality. Describe each. 

81. To what family does the wheat belong? 

82. What about the roots of the wheat plant? 

83. Tell about the growth of the stem and the distance be- 
tween the leaves. 

84. Explain how several stems may grow from one seed, 
and what is this process called? 

85. Of what does the head of the wheat consist and what is 
a spihelet? 

86. Tell about the arrangement of the spil'elets, and about 
how many spiJcelets on each head. 

87. About how long is a good head of wheat and about how 
many grains does it contain? 

88. Describe the wheat grain or the seed. 



102 AGRICULTURE. 

89. Wheat coutaius a great deal of what food element? 

90. How does the color of the wheat grain vary? 

91. Tell how wheat is often listed in the market reports. 
93. Which kind of wheat makes the best tiour? 

93. Pupils should bring samples of wheat grown in the 
ueighborhood. Compare as to color and hardness. Also notice 
the size and shape of the grains. The healthy grain will be plump 
and well formed. 

94. Name four kinds of wheat and describe each. 

95. What can be said about the varieties of spring and winter 
wheat in the United States, and how did we get so many ? 

96. Tell how we should test our wheat seed before sowing. 

97. Give reasons why we should plow our ground early for 
winter wheat. 

98. What about the depth for plowing and how does this 
vary in different parts of our state? 

99. What about water soaked land for wheat? 

100. Tell how we should prepare the ground for the seed. 

101. Tell how farmers in the Mississippi Valley sow wheat 
in the standing corn, and sometimes cut and shock the green corn 
then sow the wheat. 

102. How much wheat seed should be sown to the acre, and 
how should it be put into the ground? 

103. What can be said in regard to the time for sowing the 
wheat ? 

104. What are the leading products of wheat, and what use 
is made of the straw? 

105. Name several varieties of wheat flour. 

106. Tell about hard wheat flour and from what section of 
our country does it come? 

107. What about the soft wheat flour and the Graham flour? 

108. What are the various products of flour and what about 
the weight of a loaf of bread? 

109. What was Warren's report on the value of wheat pro- 
duced in the United States in 1909? 

110. Give the history of wheat. 

111. Tell how the varieties of wheat have been greatly in- 
creased in number, and much improved in quality, also give the 
territory of our country which produces our best known varieties. 

113. What are the two chief enemies of wheat? 

113. Name the varieties of weeds which are numerous in our 
wheat fields, and what varieties are foimd in Illinois ? 

114. Tell about cheat, and how it can be removed from wheat. 



AGRICULTURE. 103 

115. Tell about cockle, and how to fight it. 

116. What is the yellow berry? 

117. Name the varieties of fungous enemies affecting our 
wheat. 

118. How does wheat scab affect the wheat and how get rid 
of it? 

119. What are the two kinds of wheat smut? 

120. Tell how stinking smut is scattered and how it harms the 
wheat ? 

121. Tell how to treat the seed wheat to prevent the stinking 
smut, also how to make these solutions. 

122. How does loose smut enter the wheat, and how treat the 
wheat seed to prevent it? 

123. What are the two varieties of rust and how does rust harm 
the wheat? 

124. How fight rust? 

125. Name the two leading insect enemies of the wheat. 

126. Tell how the chinch bug harms the wheat. 

127. Tell how the Hessian fly harms the wheat. 

128. Give ways in which we can prevent and destroy these 
insects. 

129. Follow the directions given in your agriculture book 
and make a wheat chart or booklet. 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH V^EAR— 
SECOND MONTH. 

1. What are fungi? Name several. 

2. What are parasite fungi? Host? Saprophyte? 

3. Give the structure of the mushroom and tell how they 
reproduce. 

4. Tell how fungi penetrates the decaying matter in the 
soil. 

5. Tell how fungi differ from seed plants. 

6. Define mold and bacteria, and how can we distinguish 
the bacteria that causes plant disease from that which causes 
animal diseases? 

7. What about bacteria and decay ? 

8. Where might samples of bacteria be found? 

9. Give an experiment to show that bacteria can be planted 
and that it is capable of reproducing its kind. 

10. Tell why we know that bacteria grows and multiplies. 

11. Tell how the spores of mold can be killed. 



104 AGRICULTURE. 

1^. How do we kuew that bacteria can be killed by heat? 

13. What is meant by sterilization and in what two ways 
may it be accomplished? 

14. Tell how bandages are often sterilized. 

15. Tel] how sterilization may be accomplished by applying 
some agent. 

16. In wdiat way has sterilization achieved a great success? 

17. What about any substance treated with formaldehyde? 

18. What plants are attacked by smuts? 

19. What are the two varieties of smut? 

20. Tell how stinking smut is spread, and how they settle 
on the seed and affect the grains. 

21. Tell how loose smut enters the plant. 

22. Tell how corn smut attacks the corn. 

23. What are rusts? 

24. What plants are attacked by rust? 

25. Explain what is meant by red rust by winter spores? 

26. Why is rust harmful to the plant? 

27. What plant is attacked by the blight and what are the 
two kinds? Tell how each kind affects the plant. 

28. How do botanists class the blight? 

29. What is potato rot and how caused? 

30. Give the most effective way to combat smut? 

31. Tell how to make blue vitriol solution? Formaldehyde 
solution ? 

32. What about rotation of crops and smuts? 

33. Tell how to combat rusts. 

34. Tell how to combat blights. 

35. What about seed selection and blight? 

36. Describe the stem of the corn plant. 

37. Where are the nodes or joints of corn furrowed? 

38. What is the average height of the corn plant, and about 
how high are the ears set on the stalk? 

39. Describe the roots of the corn plant. 

40. What about a local variety of corn for seed? 

41. Why is a germination test necessary? . ■ 

42. Tell how to make a simple device for testing seed corn. 

43. Tell how to select seed corn. 

44. Tell how some farmers make a breeding plat.. 

45. Tell how we can secure a uniform stand of corn. 

46. Tell about the plowing and preparation of the ground 
for the seed. 



AGRICULTURE. 105 

47." What should be the temperature of the soil when the 
■corn is planted? 

48. What about early planting and the depth of planting? 

49. Tell why three or four plowings for the corn are neces- 
sary ? 

50. Tell how we can improve our corn crop. 

51. Tell about the corn roots, and the corn stem. 
5'3. Describe the leaves of corn. 

53. Of what benefit to the plant are the wedge-shaped cells 
of the leaf? 

54. What is generally indicated by a good leaf and a good 
stalk? 

55. What are really the essential parts of a flower? 

56. Why are the stamens important? Why are the pistals 
important ? 

57. Tell about the action of the pollen upon the pistil. 

58. What part of the com kernel is produced by one of the 
cells in the pistil? 

59. Where is the food portion of the grain formed? 

60. From what part of the corn plant are the ears borne and 
how does nature protect the young grains? 

61. Tell how the ears of corn vary in size. 

62. Tell how the rows of corn on the cob vary. 

63. Tell about the rows of corn and the size of the cob of 
the Dent corn. 

64. Do the work required in Exercise I. 

65. Tell how children should visit the corn fields in selec- 
tion of desirable stalks and ears. 

66. What are some of the points farmers should watch in 
the selection of seed corn? 

67. Tell about drying and storing seed corn. 

68. Each pupil do the werk required in Exercise II. 

69. Tell how we can experiment to show shrinkage of seed 
corn. 

70. Name varieties of corn. Which is raised in your neigh- 
borhood ? 

71. What are the types of corn? 

72. Describe pop corn, flint corn, dent corn, and sweet corn. 
'73. Give a short history of Reid Yellow Dent, Golden 

Eagle and Boone County White. 

74. Give several characteristics of a good ear of corn. 

75. What is the length, and circumference also proportion 



106 AGRICULTURE. 

of the corn to the cob of an average ear of corn in jSTorthern 
Illinois? In Central and Southern Illinois? 

76. Write the corn score card. 

77. Give the uses of corn, also a short history of it. 

78. What are the factors involved in marketing corn? 

79. Tell how pupils should report on any good experiment, 
or effort they may have had with corn. 

80. Name the six parts of the kernel and tell how to test 
for starch in corn. 

81. Do the haiidwork as described in your agriculture. 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
THIRD MONTH. 

1. What are forage plants? Name the kinds common to 
Illinois. 

2. What is the most valuable forage crop in Illinois? 

3. How are pastures made? 

4. Make a list of the grasses in your neighborhood, and if 
possible bring in samples of the different kinds. 

5. How many varieties of blue grass, and what are the most 
important kinds? 

6. Describe the grass plant. 

7. Upon what kinds of soil does bluegrass do best? 

8. How far west does blue grass do well? 

9. Why does bluegrass make good lawns but poor hay? 

10. What is the standard of germination for bluegrass seed? 

11. When is the best time to plant bluegrass? 

12. Compare timothy and bluegrass — size of plant, height 
of plant. 

13. How does the flower or head of timothy differ from 
that of the bluegrass? 

14. Describe the seed of timothy, and tell how it is mixed 
with other seeds. 

15. What per cent of timothy is usually good? 

16. Why does timothy stand dry weather better than blue 
grass ? 

17. What kind of soil is best for timothy? 

18. In what portions of the United States does timothy do 
best ? 

19. Describe red top and why so called? 

20. What kind of soil is best for red top? 

21. Into how many classes are grasses divided ? 



AGRICULTURE. 107 

22. What are annual grasses? Give examples. 

23. What is the best annual grass that is used to add to 
the supply of hay and forage? 

24. What are the four principal varieties of millet? 

25. What kind of millet is generally grown? 

26. When should millet seed be sown? 

27. Describe broom corn millet and where is it grown? 

28. Tell about barnyard millet. 

29. What about 'pearl millet? 

30. Name the leguminous plants, and why are they valuable? 

31. In what ways are the leguminous plants alike? 

32. What can be said about the seeds of the leguminous 
plants ? 

33. Compare the amount of starch in the leguminous plants 
with the amount of starch in grains of com and wheat. 

34. Describe the roots of leguminous plants, and how far 
down does the root of the alfalfa sometimes go? 

35. Explain how leguminous plants bring nitrogen to the 
soil. 

36. Tell about the root of the red clover, how it stands dry 
weather, how it is used, and how it furnishes nitrogen. 

37. What is taking the place of red clover in a good many 
sections of Illinois? 

38. In what ways does alfalfa differ from clover? 

39. Describe the young alfalfa plant. 

40. Tell how new stems and roots form after alfalfa is cut. 

41. How long are the average stems of alfalfa? 

42. Describe the flower of the alfalfa. 

43. What kind of soil and climate is best suited to the 
growth of alfalfa? 

44. What is necessary in order to start the plant to growing 
in the United States and how can this be done? 

45. When will an alfalfa field produce the best, and how 
long should it be kept before changing to another crop ? 

46. When should alfalfa be sown and what is its chief use? 

47. Describe a cow pea bush and tell about its roots. 

48. Why is the cowpea valuable in fertilizing? 

49. What about the trailing qualities of the cowpea ? 

50. What kind of pod holds the seed? 

51. What kind of climate required for cowpeas? 

52. What use is made of cowpeas ? 

53. Describe the soy bean plant and tell about the seed pod 
and seeds. 



108 AGRICULTURE. 

54. What colors of soy beans do we have? 

55. Tell about the root tubercles. 

56. What about the length of the top of the soy bean? 

57. What about the size and color of the soy bean? 

58. What uses are made of the soy beans? 

59. Name other forage plants of a rough type. 

60. What use is made of the diiferent varieties of sorghum? 

61. What about Kafir corn and sorghum? 

62. Describe the sorghum plant. 

63. What about the size and color of the seeds of the sorghum 
plant ? 

64. What use is made of the seeds and the plant? 

65. Why is Kafir corn grown? 

66. What is rape? 

67. Describe the rape plant. 

68. How long does it take rape to mature and why is rape 
valuable ? 

69. What is a weed and what are the most common weeds 
found in Illinois gardens? Describe each. 

70. In what ways do weeds do harm? 

71. Name the common weeds of our cultivated fields. 
73. What is chess or cheat? 

73. What are thistles? 

74. What is mustard and where do we often find the seed? 

75. What is fox tail and couch grass? 

76. Describe the burdock. 

77. Name the common weeds of the pasture and meadow. 

78. Describe the iron weed. 

79. Find out what you can about white top, rag weed, and 
thistles. 

80. Name common weeds of" the lawn. 

81. Describe the plantain and the dandelion. 
88. Into what three classes are weeds divided? 

83. What is an annual weed, a biennial weed, and a perennial 
weed? 

84. Give examples of the annual weeds, of the biennial, and 
of the perennial weeds. 

85. Give reasons why weeds are objectionable. 

86. Tell how cultivation destroys the weeds. 

87. Be sure to make the collection of leaves, fruits, and 
seeds of the neighborhood weeds as suggested in your agriculture. 

88. Make a cardboard chart of weeds as suggested in your 
a sericulture. 



AGRICULTURE. 109 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FOURTH MONTH. 

1. Discuss roads and what are the two purposes of drainage 
in regard to roads? 

2. Discuss tlie ditches at the road side and where is under- 
ground drainage satisfactory? 

3. Tell how the roads should be gradedl' 

4. What about a road wider than twenty-four feet? 

5. Discuss the road drag. 

6. l^ame some of the different kinds of roads in United 
States. 

7. Tell how Illinois meets the maintaining of her roads and 
how the work is done. 

8. What are the special road needs in your immediate home ? 

9. Discuss impending legislation in regard to roads now 
before the legislature. 

10. Name the two classes of vehicles. 

11. Name and describe the vehicles of the pleasure type. 

13. Pupils should make a list of the various pleasure vehicles 
used in their neighborhood and under each give a list of at least 
ten parts. 

13. What is the chief point to be considered Avhen buying 
an automobile? 

14. Make a list of the various kinds of autos used in your 
neighborhood and have a list made of the good and weak points of 
each special make. 

15. What are the chief points to be considered in choosing 
farm wagons? 

16. Discuss the material to be u.sed in building farm wagons, 
the building of the wheels, the axles, the tire setting, neckyoke, 
tongue, whiffietrees, width of the track, etc. 

17. What is the "handy wagon?" 

18. Tell how horses have been replaced by gasoline and 
steam. 

19. Where are motor trucks used? 

20. Compare gasoline and steam as a means of power. 

21. ■ Some pupil in the class who is familiar with the auto 
engine, give a rough blackboard sketch and explain how and why 
it works. 

22. What is a machine? 

23. Discuss the harvester as a machine. 

24. What is a lever and what are the three kinds of levers? 

25. Give a drawing of the three kinds of levers; give an 



110 AGRICULTURE. 

example of type one and two, and pupils work out an example of 
the third type. 

36. Describe the jack screw and what is its advantage? 

27. What is a pulley and of what value is it? 

28. What is a "tackle ?" 

29. Describe the wheel and axle and when is this used? 

30. Describe the derrick and where is it common? 

31. What is a jack and name the various kinds, and tell 
how they are generally worked. 

32. What is the use of the plow and name the parts that are 
common to all turning plows. 

33. What can be said about the modern sulky? 

34. What about the use of the shovel and bull tongue plow, 
also the disc plow? 

35. When is the disc plow handy? 

36. Discuss the gang plow. 

37. Discuss the motor plows and the amount of work that 
can be done in one day. 

38. Discuss the harrow, earlier and later types. 

39. Describe the acme, disc, and cutaway harrows. 

40. Pupils be prepared to discuss the various merits and 
differences between the smoothing harrow, spring tooth harrow, 
curved knife tooth harrow or pulverizer and the disc harrow. 
Under the disc harrow discuss the spading, and the orchard disc 
harrow. 

41. What is said about different sections of the country and 
its tools? 

42. What about the cost of machinery at present? 

43. Tell about the different kinds of machines used in cul- 
tivating the crop, be sure to discuss the two row cultivator, disc 
cultivator, and eagle claw gang. 

44. Tell about the stalk cutter. 

45. Discuss the different kinds of seeders. 

46. Discuss the different kinds of drills and what is one of 
the chief requisites in using a drill? 

47. Tell about the importance of the corn planter and have 
the students discuss the various kinds. 

48. Compare the time required to produce a bushel of wheat 
by the old method, with the time required by the modern method. 

49. Tell about the cradle and its general use. 

50. Tell about the modern harvester, the header, and the 
combined harvester and thresher. 



AGRICULTURE. Ill 

51. Describe the corn harvester and the stubble cutter attach- 
ment. 

52. What about corn pickers and huskers? 

53. Discuss the two kinds of mowers. 

54. What about the field rakes and the hay loaders? 

55. Pupils should add other farm tools in use in their im- 
mediate neighborhood. 

56. How long has labor both on the farm and in the home 
been done b}^ machinery? 

57. Tell how machinery has shortened the working day? 

58. Explain how the farm wife's labor has been lightened. 

59. Tell how improved machinery has reduced the working 
men but not the production. 

60. Tell how the cost of labor has been reduced by machin- 
ery. 

61. Give the history of the plow from 1100 B. C. to the 
present day. 

62. Give the history of the harrow. 

63. Give the history of our first rollers and cultivators. 

64. Give the history of our seeders and drills. 

65. Give the history of our corn planters. 

66. Tell about the sickle, cradle. Marsh harvester, packer, 
and the mower. 

67. Tell about the baling presses. 

68. Who was Ertel and what did he do? 

69. What is said about the farmer's carelessness in taking 
care of machinery? 

70. What are the three divisions into which the care of farm 
machinery divides itself? 

71. Tell how farmers are careless and have great losses by not 
protecting their farm machinery from the weather. 

72. Tell how farmers should repair their machinery, clean 
and oil it before putting it away, also how farmers should spend 
rainy days. 

73. What about painting farm machinery? 

74. Where is every piece of your farm machinery? 

75. Do the hand work required in the State Course of Study. 
See your agriculture book. 



112 AGRICULTURE. 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
FIFTH MONTH. 

1. Bring to school a sample of local soil i'or study. 

2. ^¥hat are the two ])riiici|)al uses of soil in regard to 
plants ? 

3. Name ten different elements that plants must have. 

4. What elements are lacking in onr soil due to cultivation 
year after year? 

5. What elements of the ten come from the air ? 

6. What is the principal use of nitrogen? Of iron? 

7. What about the supply of iron in the soil ? 

8. From where do plants get carbon and how do they 
take it in? 

9. How do plants get hydrogen and oxygen? 

10. How do plants get nitrogen? 

11. What about phosphorus in our soil and of what use is it? 

12. What about potassium and what farm crop especially 
must have this? 

13. How can we put potassium in our soils? 

14. What about calcium and magnesia in our soils and why 
are they important? 

15. If we find that our soil is acid how can we sweeten it? 

16. What do we mean by elements? 

17. What materials are found in soil? 

18. Describe the clay soil and tell what crops do best on it? 

19. Describe the sandy soil and tell how it holds moisture 
and when it produces best. 

20. What are peaty soils and where could we get a sample 
of peaty soils? 

21. What is a loam soil and when is it especially good? 

22. What is the best soil for farming? 

23. What is a stony soil? 

24. Give the characteristics of the clay soils, of the loam soil,, 
of the sandy soil, and of the peaty soil. 

25. Name other varieties of soil. 

26. What is meant by a peaty loam soil, silt loam, gravelly 
loam and stony loam? 

27. Try the experiments mentioned in your agriculture book. 

28. Give a good clear account of the origin of the soil. 

29. What elements helped to form the soil? 

30. Tell about the great glaciers and what is meant by 
glaciated soil? 



AGRICULTURE. 113 

31. Euumeiate the ageuts that helped to break up the rock 
to form soih 

32. Explain how frost and freezing could change rocks to 
soil. 

33. Explain how water could change rocks to soil. 

34. Explain how decaying vegetable matter and plants could 
form soil. 

35. Tell how the sea has contributed to soil formation. 

36. What are the two chief sources of water? 

37. Tell about the amount of rainfall in different localities. 
How much in Illinois? 

38. What becomes of the rain after it falls? 

39. Explain why standing water is injurious. 

40. What are the kinds of water in the soil ? 

41. What is capillary water? Describe its action. 
43. What is free water? Why of value? 

43. What is fine film water? Why valuable? 

44. What can be said about the amount of water needed for 
crops and how is the natural supply reduced? 

45. Explain how the kind of soil has something to do with 
retention of water. 

46. How can soil be made to hold its water? 

47. Why is free and capillary water of more importance than 
fine film water? 

48. Why is too much free water injurious? 

49. How can an over amount of free water be limited? 

50. How can the supply of capillary water be modified? 

51. What are the two methods of drainage? 

52. How large must the open ditch be and what about branch 
open ditches? 

53. What are the objectionable features of the open ditch? 

54. Describe the method of underground drainage. 

55. How deep should the tile be laid and how large the 
tile ? 

56. What about the fall of the tile and how are the joints 
fixed so that the soil cannot get into the tile? 

57. Why should tile not be too small? 

58. What about the outlet for the tile? 

59. Why should rows of tile not run to a larger tile at a 
right angle but rather an acute angle? 

60. What about the leng-fh of the tile at the outlet and 
how made secure? 

61. How protect tile against rabbits? 



114 AGRICULTURE. 

62. What about pine poles instead of tile? 

63. What about bores and rocks as means of drainage? 

64. What is the most practical drainage? 

65. Give the benefits of drainage. 

6Q. What about artificial drainage and low flat land? 

67. What about swamps and drainage? 

68. What about the amount of tile in Illinois and its value? 

69. Work out the review questions given in your agricul- 
ture. 

70. Do the notebook work required in your agriculture. 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SIXTH MONTH. 

1. In what two ways do plants secure their food? 

2. What is about the only kno^vlcdge common to most of 
us in regard to roots of plants? 

3. How are roots divided ? 

4. Tell about roots that grow on either land or water. 

5. What is a lap root? Give examples. 

6. What is fascicled roots? Give examples. 

7. Describe fibrous roots and tell where found. 

8. Describe the roots of oats, wheat and barley. 

9. Tell about the amount of roots often found below 
ground, also about the roots of a transplanted plant. 

10. Tell about the length of different roots, for example, 
the winter wheat, oats, and mesquite. 

11. Give a full description of root hairs, tell how they take 
in water, also give an idea of the amount of water taken in by 
roots of different plants. 

18. Give an idea of the vast number of root hairs on corn. 

13. Describe the walls of root hairs and tell how soil water 
with its substances pass through these walls. 

14. Tell how we can find out the amount of soluble and 
insoluble substances taken by a plant. 

15. Tell how a plant takes up the different soil elements. 

16. How does a i)lant uets lime and of what use to the plant 
is it? 

17. Tell how a plant gets nitrogen from the soil, also how 
it uses phosphorus and potassium. 

18. Tell why water is so necessary to plant life. 

19. Tell how the soil water attacks materials Avhich chemists 



, AGRICULTURE. 115 

find unsoluble and brings them into shape for a plant to use. 
Give an example. 

30. Give an idea of the amount of water used by our culti- 
vated crops. 

21. How does a plant get carbon? hydrogen? sulphur? 
iron ? phosphorus ? nitrogen ? potassium ? calcium, and magnesium ? 

22. Tell about the varying amounts of certain elements or 
their combinations that different plants will take up. Give ex- 
amples. 

23. Define capillarity, and tell why this is valuable. 

24. Try the experiment given in your agriculture to show 
capillarity. 

25. Tell why soil at rest loses moisture. 

26. Give an account of the experiences with different soils 
to show capillarity. 

27. What is the water table, and in good farm land should 
be how far from the surface? 

28. Why is it not good to have the water table too near 
the surface? 

29. Tell about the water table on upland and on lowland 
and why are lowlands more productive than uplands. 

30. Why is it important to study our soils and know how 
to retard or hasten evaporation? 

31. What can be said about soil that holds water too long? 

32. Tell how farmers can conserve moisture. 

33. Tell about an experiment to show that we can hold 
moisture. 

34. What are the two methods of tilage and why is deep 
tillage better than shallow? 

35. "What is one of the greatest advantages of deep tillage? 

36. Give an idea of how the extensive root system of the 
corn drew moisture for the stalk. 

37. What about the root system of a field of com if the 
field has been properly plowed? 

38. Tell why we should not use deep cultivation after the 
first cultivation. 

39. After the first cultivation why should our aim be to 
fine the surface soil? 

40. What three conditions must be met if a satisfactory 
crop results? 

41. How can we retain heat for our crops? 

42. How can we get oxygen for the plant roots? 

43. Explain why nitrification is important. 



116 AGRICULTURE. 

44. Give another result of fining the soiL 

45. Tell about tlie experiment with Feldspar. 

46. What about the destruction of weeds and tillage? 

47. Why does water standing on the soil damage the crops? 

48. Wh}' will moderate rains often flood a field and destroy 
crops ? 

49. Discuss open ditches and under ground drainage. 

50. Tell how the tile drains should be laid. 

51. Tell why the ditches in which the tile are laid should 
be narrow. 

52. What about the distance between the tile ditches? 

53. What about the size of the tile? 

54. Give the advantages of tile drainage. 

55. Explain why it is not wise to plant the same crop year 
after year on the same ground. 

56. Why did barley do well while potatoes did not? 

57. Why do timber trees do so well? 

58. Explain why the land of the South fails to produce 
good crops of cotton. 

59. What is the life of the soil and how can we prolong 
this life ? 

60. Give several benefits of crop rotation. 

61. Tell how crops can be rotated in the South. 

62. Tell about the crop rotation in the wheat sections of 
the Middle West. 

63. Explain what is meant by a short rotation, 

64. Tell about the increase in crops where a short rotation 
was practiced. 

65. Why must each farmer work out his own problem on 
fertilization ? 

66. What is said about commercial fertilizers? 

67. Tell how short rotation of crops is taking the place of 
commercial fertilizers. 

68. What about the value of the legume crop? 

69. Tell how a farmer can find the needs of his own soil. 

70. In Mdiat way only should farmers depend upon fer- 
tilizers ? 

71. When do fertilizers gi\e the best returns, and when 
will they give satisfactory results? 

72. What food material in particular is found in rye, barley, 
wheat, corn, and oats? 

73. Where do we get much oil ? 



AGRICULTURE. 117 

74. Compare sweet corn and field corn; oats and corn in 
.food elements. 

75. What food material in particular is found in wheat? 

76. Give the food elements and their per cent found in flour 
made from wheat. 

77. What food elements in rice? 

78. Compare sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes in food 
elements. 

79. Tell why some plants store their food elements in bulbs 
or tubers. 

80. Give a remarkable example of a plant's storage of food. 

81. What is one of the chief food materials laid up by 
plants and give examples of plants which store food. 

82. What are the chief food elements stored by potatoes and 
onions ? 

83. What does cultivation have to do with plant's ability to 
store food elements ? 

84. Why are the roots and leaves the most necessary parts 
of a plant and what is the use of the stem? 

85. Of what does the upper part of a beet leaf consist and 
what is under these epithelial cells, and then what is under this? 

86. What are stomata? 

87. How many breathing pores on a square inch of an apple 
leaf and a square inch of a black walnut? 

88. Of what use are the upper epidermal cells of the leaf? 
The cells beneath the epidermal cells? The stomata? 

89. Tell about the green material in the leaf. 

90. Wliat are the four functions of the leaves? 

91. Tell about the immense amount of water taken from 
the soil by plants. 

92. Tell about starch making in the plant. 

93. What power has all green plants? 

94. Of what three elements is starch made? 

95. Tell what plants can do that chemists cannot do, and 
where do we think the change is made ?. 

96. Under what conditions can starch be made from carbon 
dioxide and water ? 

97. Tell how Prof. Geo. L. Goodale likens the leaf to a mill. 

98. What proof have we that chlorophyll bodies are largely 
concerned in starch making? 

99. How is the starch in the leaf changed to grape or 
malt sugar and what about other combinations? 



118 AGRICULTURE. 

lUU. Where does assimilation take jjlace and of what use to 
the plant is sugar? 

101. What per cent of the structure of plants come from 
the air? 

102. How does material from the air get into the plant? 

103. Give the important work of the chlorophyll. 

104. What are the two uses of water in the plant? 

105. Give an idea of the immense amount of water taken in 
and given off by plants. 

106. JSi^ame the chief elements taken up by plants in some 
combinations or other. 

107. Why is potassium important? 

108. Tell how the stems of plants carry water. 

109. How do we know that the sap does not pass through 
the heart of the plant? 

110. Tell about the variation in length of time required for 
water from the soil to pass through tlie stems of different plants. 

111. What causes this upward flow of water? 

112. Give the work of the leaves and the need of sunlight. 

113. What can be said about the subject "Growth of Plants"? 

114. What are some of the things we do know about the 
growth of plants and how far have scientists traced this growth? 

115. What do we know about cholorophyll and protoplasma? 

116. What about scientists and their research on the subject, 
"Growth of Plants"? 

117. What do we now know about the growth of plants? 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
SEVENTH MONTH. 

1. What is one of the most important parts of a successful 
garden ? 

2. Tell about the successful "thrift gardens" in back yards 
of city lots. 

3. Give an idea of how we should plan our garden. 

4. What vegetables should he planted in the closest part 
in our gardens and what in farthest part? 

5. Speak of the importance of rotation of crops in our 
gardens. 

6. Tell how four crops has actually been secured from one 
plot of ground. 

7. What is said about the various kinds of lettuce? What 
about peas ? 



AGRICULTURE. 119 

8. What about beets as a second crop? Beans? Toma- 
toes ? 

9. Give suggestions on planting squashes, pumpkins and 
melons. 

10. What about the planting of onions, peppers, okra, car- 
rots, parsnips, celery, and sweet potatoes? 

11. What is said about the early planning of the garden 
and the early selection of seed? 

12. Tell how a hot bed is made and what is its value? 

13. Tell how the cold frame is made and what is its value? 

14. Name plants found in the hot bed. Name plants found 
in the cold frame. 

15. What is displacing the hot bed and cold frame? 

16. Why is the early garden the valuable garden? 

17. Tell how to secure an early garden. 

18. What about putting out plants in the garden that have 
been started in the hot bed or cold frame? 

19. How large should plants be before they are removed 
from the hot bed and cold frame? 

20. Tell how and why oats should be screaned before plant- 
ing. 

21. Tell how to test oats seed before planting. 

22. How can a farmer improve his oats each year? 

23. What are the two varieties of oats and where is the 
winter variety chiefly grown? 

24. What about the seed bed for oats in comparison to the 
seed bed for corn? 

25. When is it best to plow for oats and what about fall 
plowing ? 

26. Upon what does the rate of seeding depend? 

27. What about the amount of seed required when we sow 
seed broadcast? 

28. How much oats seed should be sown to the acre and 
what about the depth of the covering? 

29. When is a broad cast seeder used? 

30. What about the early sowing of oats? 

31. Tell how we can secure a good green forage crop for 
our live stock. 

32. What are the two kinds of smut which attacks oats? 

33. How does loose smut affect the oats? The covered 
smut ? 

34. What are two methods of treating oats for smut? 



120 AGRICULTURE. 

35. Be sure to give a clear account of the treatment of oats 
smut by using formaldehyde. 

36. Name several different varieties of oats. 

37. What kind of oats is raised in your locality ? 

38. Give the history of oats. 

39. In what way does oats differ from corn? 

40. Why is oats straw valuable ? 

41. Give the different uses of oats for both animals and 
human beings. 

43. What are the two parts of a grain of corn? 

43. What per cent is germ? What per cent endosperm? 
What per cent hull? 

44.' What does the germ contain and what does the endo- 
sperm ? 

45. In a general way, of what does a kernel of corn consist ? 

46. Tell about' the germination test for seed corn, 

47. Compare corn carefully stored and that from corn cribs. 

48. Tell how the soil is prepared for the planting of com. 

49. What should be done with each day's plowing? 

50. W^hat is said about the amount of seed to be used? 

51. Give the experiments with depth of corn planting. 

53. What can be said about the influence of weather, season, 
and climate upon corn? 

53. Name the live types of corn. In what kinds are the 
average farmers interested? 

54. What are the two groups of pop corn? 

55. Name several varieties of sweet corn. 

56. Why is flint corn grown largely in Canada and the New 
England states? 

57. Name different kinds of the flint corn that are highly 
recommended where they are grown. 

58. How long does it take dent corn to mature? 

59. What about wheat study and corn clubs? 

60. What is one of the most valuable of our crops, and what 
fruit is the leader? 

61. Name fruits common to this district. 

62. Name several imported local fruits. 

63. What are the three parts of the ap]ile and which part 
contains the seeds? 

64. What part is the fruit? 

65. Name the varieties grown in this district. 

66. Name varieties of early summer apples. 
()7. Name varieties of summer apples. 



AGRICULTURE. ' 121 

68. Name the early winter varieties. 

69. Name the varieties of winter apples. 

70. Name the late winter apples. 

71. Students are to discuss the various kinds of apples 
grown in their home orchards, plotting of orchards, yield, etc. 

72. What is said about raising a fruit tree from seed? 

73. Tell how trees are grafted. Secure a picture of a graft, 
and be sure you imderstand just how to graft. What is the 
meaning of "cambium?" 

74. Find out all you can about Luther Burbank. 

75. Speak of the value of fruit trees. 

76. When is the best time to plant an orchard? 

77. Tell how to plant a young fruit tree. 

78. How many fruit trees should be planted to the acre? 

79. What about watering trees if the season is dry ? 

80. What about pruning fruit trees? 

81. Tell how farmers should cultivate their young orchards, 
83. Name' the most common enemies of the fruit trees. 

83. Suppose you should want to know how to combat these 
diseases, what would you do? 

84. Tell how we should be careful when we pick fruit and 
what would be our reward? 

85. Tell how fruit should be stored. 

86. Give rules for the sorting of fruit. 

87. Tell about the marketing of fruit. 

88. Give the projects for caring for orchards. 

QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- 
EIGHTH MONTH. 

1. What can be said in regard to the vegetable garden be- 
ing a necessity? 

3. Name several vegetables commonly grown in the garden. 

3. Give the size of the average farm garden. 

4. What is said about the soil of the garden? 

5. Why should the garden ground be covered with manure? 

6. Tell how to j)repare the seed bed. 

7. Describe the condition of the soil for our garden. 

8. Name several varieties of tomatoes. 

9. Tell how tomatoes should be planted and transplanted. 

10. Tell how to care for tomato plants. 

11. Name the chief enemies of the tomato plants. 

12. What is tlie remedy for the tomato blight? 



132 ■ AGRICULTURE. 

13. Tell how tomatoes are harvested. 

!•!. Tell how tomatoes may be canned. 

15. Name some of the tomato combinations for canning. 

IG. What are the two classes of root crops? 

17. What is meant by the long season and short season root 
crops? Give examples of each. 

18. Tell how to plant carrot seeds and how to care for the 
plants. 

11). Tell how to plant parsnips and how to take care of the 
plants. 

20. Tell how to store carrots and parsnips. 

31. Tell how horseradish grows and how it is reproduced. 

23. Tell how to care for the young horseradish plants. 

23. What are the enemies of horseradish? 

84. How is horseradish prepared for use? 

25. W'hy is salsify called the vegetable oyster? 

26. What kind of soil does salsify require and how should 
the seeds be planted? 

27. What about the enemies of the salsify and when should 
the crop be harvested? 

28. Name varieties of the radishes. 

39. Tell how the radish seeds should be sown. 

30. AVhat kind of soil is best for radishes? 

31. WTiat is said about the enemies of the radish? 
33. Name several varieties of beets. 

33. Tell how beet seed should be sown. 

34. Tell how to care for beets, and name several varieties 
of the garden beet. 

35. What can be said about spring and fall turnips? 
3fi. AVhat are the enemies of turnips? 

37. Name varieties of the early turnip also varieties of the 
main cro]> turnip. 

38. C^ompare the rutabaga with the turnip. 

39. Tell how the rutabaga seed should be sown, and how 
the plants should be cared for. 

40. WHiat are the enemies of the rutabaga and when should 
the crop be harvested? 

41. Name some of the common varieties of the potatoes. 
43. Describe a good variety of potato. 

43. Tell how to plant potatoes. 

44. Tell about the cultivation of potatoes. 

45. What are the chief enemies of ]iotatoes? • 



AGRICULTURE. 123 

46. What IS reconimeiided for the bath and what for the 
blight r' i'or the scab r* 

47. When should we begin to spray? 

4b. Teii iiow to liarvesi and store the potatoes. 

49. JManie varieties of beans. 

50. What are tlie best kind of beans for food? 

51. Name varieties of tlie wax podded beans. 
53. Name varieties of the green podded beans. 

53. Name varieties of tlis jjoie beans. 

54. Name varieties of tlie Lima beans. 

55. Give a full accomit of how to plant bush beans. 

56. Tell how to plant pole beans. 

57. What is said about transplanting beans? 

58. Tell how to care for beans. 

59. What are the two worst enemies of beans? 

60. Tfell how to combat these bean fungi and bacteria. 

61. Name other enemies of beans and tell how to combat 
them. 

63. Tell about the harvesting of beans. 

63. What about the canning and storing of beans? 

64. What are the two varieties of peas? 

65. Name several varieties of the dwarf peas and several 
varieties of the tall peas. 

66. Tell when and how peas should be planted. 

67. Tell how to care for peas. 

68. What is the worst enemy of peas and how can we com- 
bat it? 

69. Tell about the canning of peas. 

70. Name varieties of the best cucumbers. 

71. What soil is best for cucumbers and how should the 
hills be made? 

72. Tell how to care for cucumbers. 

73. Name the worst enemies of the cucumber and tell how 
to combat the worst, the yellow and black striped beetle. 

74. Tell about the picking of cucumbers. 

75. Tell how we should keep accurate accounts of receipts 
and expenditures. 

76. Of what use are the flowers on trees? 

77. Name the most ornamental trees. 

78. What about the stamens and pistils on the black cherry? 
On the oaks and chestnuts? On ashes and willows? 

79. AVhat about the flowers on the maples and elms? 



124 AGRICULTURE. 

bU. \\ lial about llic trees lluiE gruw lii iure&lb and tiiute tliat 
grow in open spaces? 

81. what IS meant by the annual rings and ^\liat nse is made 
of tile annual ring? 

ti2. Teii about the two layers of the annual rings. 

83. Tell about the siow and rapid growing trees. Ciive ex- 
amples of each, 

84. List the dill'erent kinds ol trees in vour neighborhood. 
Classify tiiem into slow and rapid growing trees. 

85. What is meant by nauve woods ajid Vihy has so much 
of our native woods been removed? 

8G. What about the dilferent kinds ol trees found in our 
native woods? 

87. Upon what does our timber depend and what are the 
two kinds of trees that grow in every timber? 

88. Upon what does the number of tree S23ecies depend? 

89. Tell about the tulip tree, the papaw^, and the buckeye- 

90. What is one of our most eoinmon trees? Name several 
varieties. 

91. What is the sumach? 

92. What is said al)out the dogwood and the persimmon 
trees ? 

93. Name other common trees of our timbers. 

94. What is said about saplings and seedlings? 

95. What use has been made in Illinois of the wooded regions 
that have been cleared? 

96. WHiat are the enemies of the forests and which do most 
liarni ? 

97. Tell how insects kill trees. 

98. How can caterpillars be destroyed? 

99. How can insects that feed upon the U';ives l)e (k'stroyed? 

100. W'hat about a tree that lias lieen badly used by bores? 

101. What about trees that are l)ad!y affected In- fungi? 

102. How are fungi spread? 

103. Tell how surface fires destroy trees. 

104. Tell how storms damage the trees. 

105. Tell about the conservation of our forests. 

106. What are the uses of trees? 

107. What is a woodlot and what is the area of a farm 
woodlot ? 

lOS. Where is the woodlot generally located? 

109. Name several good trees to use around the home. 

no. Toll how we should caro for and protect our trees. 



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